CSS Color HDR Module Level 1

Editor’s Draft,

More details about this document
This version:
https://drafts.csswg.org/css-color-hdr/
Latest published version:
https://www.w3.org/TR/css-color-hdr/
Feedback:
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Inline In Spec
Editor:
Chris Lilley (W3C)
Suggest an Edit for this Spec:
GitHub Editor

Abstract

This module defines additions to CSS Color 4 to enable High Dynamic Range (HDR).

CSS is a language for describing the rendering of structured documents (such as HTML and XML) on screen, on paper, etc.

Status of this document

This is a public copy of the editors’ draft. It is provided for discussion only and may change at any moment. Its publication here does not imply endorsement of its contents by W3C. Don’t cite this document other than as work in progress.

Please send feedback by filing issues in GitHub (preferred), including the spec code “css-color-hdr” in the title, like this: “[css-color-hdr] …summary of comment…”. All issues and comments are archived. Alternately, feedback can be sent to the (archived) public mailing list www-style@w3.org.

This document is governed by the 03 November 2023 W3C Process Document.

1. Introduction

This section is not normative.

CSS Color 4 adds Wide Color Gamut (WCG) color spaces to the Open Web Platform. By design, these are all Standard Dynamic Range (SDR) color spaces. This specification defines additions to support High Dynamic Range (HDR).

While WCG specifications have been broadly stable for some decades, HDR standards are less mature and have undergone frequent revision in the last decade.

1.1. Value Definitions

This specification follows the CSS property definition conventions from [CSS2] using the value definition syntax from [CSS-VALUES-3]. Value types not defined in this specification are defined in CSS Values & Units [CSS-VALUES-3]. Combination with other CSS modules may expand the definitions of these value types.

In addition to the property-specific values listed in their definitions, all properties defined in this specification also accept the CSS-wide keywords as their property value. For readability they have not been repeated explicitly.

2. Controlling Dynamic Range

2.1. Defining Dynamic Range

Dynamic range is the difference in luminance between the lightest and the darkest colors. Dynamic range is measured in photographic stops. One stop is a doubling of luminance.

function DynamicRange (high, low) {
  return Math.log2(high) - Math.log2(low);
  } 

In Standard Dynamic Range (SDR), the media white (the color of a normal white background, or of white text on a dark background) is the lightest possible color.

For example, in sRGB, white is defined to have a luminance of 80 cd/m² while black is defined to have a luminance of 0.2 cd/m². Thus, the dynamic range is 8.6 stops.

For SDR, luminance is treated as relative to media white. Making the screen brighter does not change the dynamic range, because the darkest color also gets brighter.

For example, an sRGB screen, might be set so that white has a luminance of 160 cd/m² so the deepest black has a luminance of 0.4 cd/m². The dynamic range is still 8.6 stops.

In High Dynamic Range (HDR), brighter colors than media white can be displayed. For example, if media white on an HDR display is set to around 200 cd/m² it might be possible to display highlights at 1000 cd/m². Typically, the brightest colors can only be displayed on a small part of the display, and for a limited time. This is because of energy usage and heating considerations.

For example, on an HDR reference mastering display, the small-area peak white might have a luminance of 1000 cd/m² while the deepest black has a luminance of 0.05 cd/m². Thus, the dynamic range is 14.3 stops.

For HDR, luminance is treated as absolute, rather than being relative to media white. Using a brighter screen increases the dynamic range, while the luminance of media white remains constant.

For example, using the rec2100-pq colorspace defined in [Rec_BT.2100], the brightest peak white is defined to have a luminance of 10000 cd/m² while the deepest black has a luminance of 0.001 cd/m². Thus, the encoded dynamic range is 23.3 stops.

2.2. Introducing Headroom

This section is non-normative

The luminance level which an HDR display can produce varies greatly.

The amount by which peak white is greater than media white is termed the HDR headroom, and depends on the level of media white, user preference, and viewing conditions.

It is typically expressed in photographic stops. Thus, standard dynamic range (SDR) by definition has an HDR headroom of 0 stops, because the brightest white is media white.

For example, a low-end HDR display (which just meets the requirements of DisplayHDR 400, the lowest tier of Vesa Certified DisplayHDR conformance [DisplayHDR]) might display media white at up to 200 cd/m2 while their peak white is only 400 cd/m2 (at the brightest media white, only one stop of HDR headroom).
For example, a high-end HDR display (which exceeds the requirements of DisplayHDR 1400, the current highest tier of Vesa Certified DisplayHDR conformance) might display media white at up to 400 cd/m2 while it’s peak white is 1600 cd/m2.

In dim viewing conditions, with media white set to 100 cd/m2, this gives four stops (16x) of HDR headroom.

The Web platform does not currently directly expose the level of headroom of a display, because it depends on viewing conditions and real-time, unquantized headroom information would be a tracking vector (for example, detecting that a user moved outside and that it is a sunny day).

It is not always desirable to use the maximum available level of HDR headroom. CSS provides a way to control, in broad terms, how much headroom is desired; and this level can vary by element and over time.

For example, consider a Web page displaying a grid of photographs. Some of these are HDR, including some very high dynamic range images such as a shot straight into the sun. It would be tiring to view the set of photos together at full dynamic range. At the same time, squashing everything to the SDR range would not adequately represent the character of individual photos. The design goal is to show "enough" HDR to allow meaningful evaluation of the group of photos.

2.3. The dynamic-range-limit property

Name: dynamic-range-limit
Value: standard | high | constrained-high
Initial: high
Applies to: all elements
Inherited: no
Percentages: n/a
Computed value: specified value
Canonical order: per grammar
Animation type: by dynamic-range-limit-mix()
standard
The highest luminance color that is displayed is the same as ' media white, i.e. the CSS color white.
high
The highest peak luminance that is displayed is much greater than media white, i.e. the CSS color white; the precise level is not specified.
constrained-high
The highest peak luminance that is displayed is somewhat greater than media white, i.e. the CSS color white, such that a mix of SDR and HDR content can be comfortably viewed together.
body { dynamic-range-limit: standard; }
div.photogrid img { dynamic-range-limit: constrained-high }

2.4. Mixing Dynamic Range Limits: the dynamic-range-limit-mix() function

This function takes two dynamic-range-limit values, converts them internally to a value in stops above media white, and alters the display to the result of mixing them by the specified amount. The actual calculated result is not exposed.

dynamic-range-limit-mix() = dynamic-range-limit-mix( [ <ident> && <percentage [0,100]>? ]#{2})

Percentages are normalized in the same way as color-mix().

3. Specifying Predefined and Custom Color Spaces: the color() Function

The color() function allows a color to be specified in a particular, given color space (rather than the implicit sRGB color space that most of the other color functions operate in).

In this specification the color() function is extended to allow predefined color spaces for HDR, in addition to the predefined SDR spaces from CSS Color 4 §  10. Predefined Color Spaces and the relative color syntax from CSS Color 5 § 4 Relative Color Syntax.

Its syntax is now as follows:

color() = color( [from <color>]? <colorspace-params> [ / [ <alpha-value> | none ] ]? )
<colorspace-params> = [<custom-params> | <predefined-rgb-params> | 
  <predefined-polar-params> | <predefined-rectangular-params> | <xyz-params>]
<custom-params> = <dashed-ident> [ <number> | <percentage> | none ]+
<predefined-rgb-params> = <predefined-rgb> [ <number> | <percentage> | none ]{3}
<predefined-polar-params> = jzczhz [ <number> | <percentage> | none ]{2} [ <hue> | none]
<predefined-rectangular-params> = <predefined-rectangular> [ <number> | <percentage> | none ]{3}
<predefined-rgb> = srgb | srgb-linear | display-p3 | a98-rgb | prophoto-rgb | rec2020 | 
  rec2100-pq | rec2100-hlg | rec2100-linear
<predefined-rectangular> = jzazbz | ictcp
<xyz-params> = <xyz> [ <number> | <percentage> | none ]{3}
<xyz> = xyz | xyz-d50 | xyz-d65

4. Predefined color spaces for HDR:

In addition to the SDR color spaces defined by CSS Color 4, the following HDR color spaces are defined for use in the color function.

Serialization of values in these new color spaces is identical to the description in CSS Color 4 §  15. Serializing <color> Values.

4.1. rec2100-pq

The rec2100-pq [Rec_BT.2100] color space accepts three numeric parameters, representing the red, green, and blue channels of the color, with each having a valid range of [0, 1] regardless of the actual bit depth (10 or 12 bits per component).

The Perceptual Quantizer (PQ) electro-optical transfer function is used [SMPTE-ST-2084],[Rec_BT.2100]. PQ assumes a reference viewing condition where the screen surround is at 5 cd/m².

ITU Reference 2100 is used for HDR 4k and 8k television.

In contrast to SDR color spaces and some HDR color spaces, the PQ values are absolute rather than relative.

add a diagram showing SDR and HDR dynamic ranges on a log scale

It has the following characteristics: (The display primaries are the same as [Rec.2020]):

x y
Red chromaticity 0.708 0.292
Green chromaticity 0.170 0.797
Blue chromaticity 0.131 0.046
White chromaticity D65
Transfer function Perceptual Quantizer
White luminance 203 cd/m²
Peak white luminance 10,000 cd/m²
Black luminance 0.001 cd/m²
Image state display-referred
Percentages Allowed for R, G and B
Percent reference range for R,G,B: 0% = 0.0, 100% = 1.0

from BT.2100 p.3 "Note 3d – For PQ in a non-reference viewing environment, or for HLG (in any viewing environment), the black level should be adjusted using the PLUGE test signal and procedure specified in Recommendation ITU-R BT.814."

This color represents a blinding white with a luminance of 10,000 cd/m². Such a bright color can only be displayed briefly, on a small area of the screen. Content is typically mastered with a lower peak white, such as 4,000 cd/m².
 color(rec2100-pq 1.0 1.0 1.0);
This color represents a comfortable "diffuse white" This color can be displayed for long periods, or used for subtitles, on any sized area of the screen. Diffuse white is 203 cd/m².
 color(rec2100-pq 0.58 0.58 0.58);

This color represents a mid grey, like a photographer’s "18% reflectance grey" card, at 17 cd/m².

 color(rec2100-pq 0.34 0.34 0.34);

add other examples, including encoding of sRGB red, green, blue and P3 red, green, blue.

Linear-light RGB signals are converted to PQ encoded as follows. An absolute luminance scale is used, so the luminance of diffuse (media) white is required to scale relative luminances. The maximum encodable value (peak, small-area white) in PQ is 10,000 cd/m². Media white is 203 cd/m² [Rpt_BT.2408].

var Er;      // the red, green or blue component, [0, 1] for SDR, [0, 70ish] for HDR
var Yw = 203;  // the absolute luminance of diffuse white, cd/m²
var x = Er * Yw / 10000;   // absolute luminance of peak white is 10,000 cd/m².
const n = 2610 / (2 ** 14);
const m = 2523 / (2 ** 5);
const c1 = 3424 / (2 ** 12);
const c2 = 2413 / (2 ** 7);
const c3 = 2392 / (2 ** 7);
xPQ = (((c1 + (c2 * (x ** n))) / (1 + (c3 * (x ** n)))) ** m);

xPQ is the "gamma-corrected" (OETF-adjusted) signal [0, 1].

PQ encoded values are converted to linear-light as follows:

var xPQ;      // the red, green or blue PQ-encoded component, [0, 1]
const ninv = (2 ** 14) / 2610;
const minv = (2 ** 5) / 2523;
const c1 = 3424 / (2 ** 12);
const c2 = 2413 / (2 ** 7);
const c3 = 2392 / (2 ** 7);
var x = (((Math.max(((xPQ ** minv) - c1), 0) / (c2 - (c3 * (xPQ ** minv)))) ** ninv);
var Yw = 203;      // the absolute luminance of diffuse white, cd/m²
var Ea = x * 10000;   // absolute luminance, [0, 10,000].
var Er = x * 10000 / Yw;   // luminance relative to diffuse white, [0, 70 or so].

4.2. rec2100-hlg

The rec2100-hlg [Rec_BT.2100] color space accepts three numeric parameters, representing the red, green, and blue channels of the color, with each having a valid range of [0, 1] regardless of the actual bit depth (10 or 12 bits per component).

The Hybrid Log-Gamma (HLG) electro-optical transfer function is used [ARIB_STD-B67],[Rec_BT.2100]. HLG can be used with displays of different brightness in a wide range of viewing environments, with user control of the overall brightness level. A value of 0.75 represents "diffuse" or "media" white while an "18% reflectance grey" card has a value of 0.38. [Rec_BT.2390].

It has the following characteristics: (The display primaries are the same as [Rec.2020]):

x y
Red chromaticity 0.708 0.292
Green chromaticity 0.170 0.797
Blue chromaticity 0.131 0.046
White chromaticity D65
Transfer function Hybrid log Gamma
White luminance
depends on viewing conditions
Peak white luminance 12 times reference white
Black luminance depends on reference white, see text
Image state scene-referred
Percentages Allowed for R, G and B
Percent reference range for R,G,B: 0% = 0.0, 100% = 1.0

add other examples

This color represents a comfortable "diffuse white" This color can be displayed for long periods, or used for subtitles, on any sized area of the screen. Content is typically mastered with a peak white of 1,000 to 4,000 cd/m², so diffuse white will be 203 to 581 cd/m².
 color(rec2100-hlg 0.75 0.75 0.75);

This color represents a mid grey, at 26 to 104 cd/m².

 color(rec2100-hlg 0.38 0.38 0.38);

Linear-light RGB signals are converted to HLG encoded as follows [Rec_BT.2390]:

var E;      // the red, green or blue component, [0, 1]
const a = 0.17883277;
const b = 0.28466892;   // 1 - (4 * a)
const c = 0.55991073;   // 0.5 - a * Math.log(4 *a)
if (E <= 1/12) {
  Edash = Math.sqrt( 3 * E);
}
else {
  Edash = a * Math.log(12 * E - b) + c;
}

Edash is the "gamma-corrected" (OETF-adjusted) signal.

The reverse conversion (HLG encoded to linear light) is as follows [Rec_BT.2390]::

var Edash;      // the red, green or blue encoded component, [0, 1]
const a = 0.17883277;
const b = 0.28466892;   // 1 - (4 * a)
const c = 0.55991073;   // 0.5 - a * Math.log(4 *a)
if (Edash <= 0.5) {
  E = (Edash ** 2) / 3;
}
else {
  E = Math.exp(((Edash - c) / a) + b) / 12;
}

add black level lift Β as defined on same page?

4.3. rec2100-linear

The rec2100-linear [Rec_BT.2100] color space accepts three numeric parameters, representing the red, green, and blue channels of the color, with each having a nominal range of [0, 1] regardless of the actual bit depth (10 or 12 bits per component).

The color with red, green and blue all at 1.0 represents HDR Reference White with an absolute luminance of 203 cd/m².

color(rec2100-linear 1 1 1)
For example, the following color
color(rec2100-linear 9.852 9.852 9.852)

represents a white highlight with an absolute luminance of 9.852 × 203 = 1,999 cd/m².

A linear-light electro-optical transfer function is used.

It has the following characteristics: (The display primaries are the same as [Rec.2020]):

x y
Red chromaticity 0.708 0.292
Green chromaticity 0.170 0.797
Blue chromaticity 0.131 0.046
White chromaticity D65
Transfer function Linear
White luminance 203 cd/m²
Peak white luminance 10,000 cd/m²
Black luminance 0.001 cd/m²
Image state display-referred
Percentages Allowed for R, G and B
Percent reference range for R,G,B: 0% = 0.0, 100% = 1.0

4.4. Jzazbz

The Jzazbz color space [Safdar-PUCS] accepts three numeric parameters, with Jz representing the Lightness (similar to L in Lab) while az and bz represent the redness-greenness and yellowness-blueness opponent-color axes (similar to a and b in Lab).

CIE Lab uses a lightness scale with a [0%, 100%] range, relative to media white, and has been experimentally extended to L=400%. In contrast, the Jz axis in Jzazbz, which has a [0, 1.0] range, uses an encoding similar to Perceptual Quantizer, and can represent a dynamic range of more than 13 stops.

It has the following characteristics:

x y
White chromaticity D65
Transfer function Perceptual Quantizer
Peak white luminance 10,000 cd/m²
Black luminance 0.001 cd/m²
Image state display-referred
Percentages Allowed for Jz, az and bz
Percent reference range for Jz: 0% = 0.0, 100% = 1.0
for az and bz: -100% = -1.0, 100% = 1.0

Note that unlike Lab, a D65 whitepoint is used. Thus, for most RGB spaces (which also use a D65 whitepoint) no chromatic adaptation step need be performed.

4.5. JzCzHz

Similar to LCH, which is the polar representation of Lab, JzCzHz is the polar form of Jzazbz. Jz is identical to the value in JzCzHz and represents the Lightness, while Cz represents the Chroma or colorfulness and Hz represents a hue angle, measured from the positive az axis, towards the positive bz axis.

This color represents the sRGB color "lime" in Jzazbz
 color(jzazbz 0.17542 -0.1179 0.1092);

and here is the same color in the polar form

 color(jzczhz 0.17542 0.1614 132.50);

4.5.1. Converting Jzazbz colors to JzCzHz colors

Conversion to JzCzHz is trivial:

  1. Hz = atan2(bz, az) // but convert to degrees!
  2. Cz = sqrt(az^2 + bz^2)
  3. Jz is the same

4.5.2. Converting JzCzHz colors to Jzazbz colors

Conversion to Jzazbz is trivial:

  1. az = Cz cos(H) // convert to radians first!
  2. bz = Cz sin(H) // convert to radians first!
  3. Jz is the same

4.6. ICtCp

The ICtCp color space is defined as Constant Intensity ICTCP signal format in [Rec_BT.2100] and accepts three numeric parameters, with I representing the Intensity (similar to L in Lab, but covering a luminance range up to 10,000 cd/m2) while CT and CP represent the yellowness-blueness (tritanope) and redness-greenness (protanope) opponent-color axes (similar to b and a, respectively, in Lab).

It is based on human visual system LMS cone primaries; the Hunt-Pointer-Estevez (HPE) XYZ to LMS transform is used, normalized to a D65 whitepoint. A crosstalk matrix is then applied, to reduce the gamut hull concavities of BT.2020 RGB, thus reducing interpolation errors. The crosstalk also provides improved lines of constant hue and improved uniformity of Just Noticeable Difference (JND) MacAdam ellipses.

It has the following characteristics:

x y
White chromaticity D65
Transfer function Perceptual Quantizer
White luminance 203 cd/m²
Peak white luminance 10,000 cd/m²
Black luminance 0.001 cd/m²
Image state display-referred
Percentages Allowed for I, Ct and Cp
Percent reference range for I: 0% = 0.0, 100% = 1.0
for Ct and Cp: -100% = -1.0, 100% = 1.0

Although [Rec_BT.2100] defines ICTCP by a conversion from linear-light BT.2100 RGB [Rec_BT.2100], this conversion proceeds via LMS and thus, any other color space can also be represented by applying an XYZ to LMS transform.

Note that unlike Lab, a D65 whitepoint is used.

Also unlike Lab, which has primarily been tested with lower-intensity reflective colors, ICTCP has been tested with high-chroma, self-luminous, and high intensity (HDR) colors. This makes it suitable for color difference measurement (deltaE ITP) and for gamut mapping of SDR and HDR colors.

This color represents the sRGB color "lime" in ICtCp
 color(ictcp 0.5393 -0.2643 -0.0625);

5. Compositing SDR and HDR content

Compositing should take place in CIE XYZ, as it is a linear-light space without gamut limitations. Implementations may chose to composite in a linear-light RGB space instead, which will give the same result provided out-of-gamut values (negative, or greater than 100%) are correctly handled and not clipped or gamut mapped until the final transfer to the device color space.

Relative HDR, using the HLG transfer function, must map SDR media white to the same luminance as is used to display the 75% HLG value. [SMPTE-ST-2084]

For further details, see also tables 3 and 4 in ITU Rpt_BT.2408-0 [Rpt_BT.2408]

Absolute HDR, using the PQ transfer function, should map SDR media white to 203 cd/m², the same luminance as is used to display the 58% PQ value. [SMPTE-ST-2084] However, implementations may chose to incorporate a color re-rendering step (OOTF) to account for non-reference viewing conditions.

6. Serializing <color> Values

6.1. Serializing values of the color() function

This section extends CSS Color 4 § 15.5 Serializing values of the color() function

The serialized form of color() values is derived from the computed value and uses the color() form, with ASCII lowercase letters for the function name and the color space name.

The component values are serialized in base 10, as <number>. A single ASCII space character " " must be used as the separator between the component values, and also between the color space name and the first color component.

For the predefined HDR color spaces, the minimum precision for round-tripping is as follows:

HDR color space Minimum bits
rec2100-pq, rec2100-hlg 10
rec2100-linear, jzazbz, jzczhz, ictcp 16

(16bit, half-float, or float per component is recommended for internal storage). Values must be rounded towards +∞, not truncated.

Do the PQ-based color spaces require tone-mapping (OOTF) for display in different viewing environments?

Privacy Considerations

The reason that numerical values of HDR headroom are not directly exposed by the Web platform is because doing so would expose the current viewing conditions, which would be a privacy violation.

Security Considerations

No Security concerns have been raised on this document

Accessibility Considerations

Some individuals may have a sensitivity to very bright colors, so user agents should provide a mechanism to limit the maximum luminance at user option. The toe and knee procedure in section 5.4.1 Mapping to display with limited brightness range of [Rec_BT.2390] is suggested as suitable.

The dynamic-range-limit property could also be set to standard or constrained-high in a user stylesheet.

Conformance

Document conventions

Conformance requirements are expressed with a combination of descriptive assertions and RFC 2119 terminology. The key words “MUST”, “MUST NOT”, “REQUIRED”, “SHALL”, “SHALL NOT”, “SHOULD”, “SHOULD NOT”, “RECOMMENDED”, “MAY”, and “OPTIONAL” in the normative parts of this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119. However, for readability, these words do not appear in all uppercase letters in this specification.

All of the text of this specification is normative except sections explicitly marked as non-normative, examples, and notes. [RFC2119]

Examples in this specification are introduced with the words “for example” or are set apart from the normative text with class="example", like this:

This is an example of an informative example.

Informative notes begin with the word “Note” and are set apart from the normative text with class="note", like this:

Note, this is an informative note.

Advisements are normative sections styled to evoke special attention and are set apart from other normative text with <strong class="advisement">, like this: UAs MUST provide an accessible alternative.

Tests

Tests relating to the content of this specification may be documented in “Tests” blocks like this one. Any such block is non-normative.


Conformance classes

Conformance to this specification is defined for three conformance classes:

style sheet
A CSS style sheet.
renderer
A UA that interprets the semantics of a style sheet and renders documents that use them.
authoring tool
A UA that writes a style sheet.

A style sheet is conformant to this specification if all of its statements that use syntax defined in this module are valid according to the generic CSS grammar and the individual grammars of each feature defined in this module.

A renderer is conformant to this specification if, in addition to interpreting the style sheet as defined by the appropriate specifications, it supports all the features defined by this specification by parsing them correctly and rendering the document accordingly. However, the inability of a UA to correctly render a document due to limitations of the device does not make the UA non-conformant. (For example, a UA is not required to render color on a monochrome monitor.)

An authoring tool is conformant to this specification if it writes style sheets that are syntactically correct according to the generic CSS grammar and the individual grammars of each feature in this module, and meet all other conformance requirements of style sheets as described in this module.

Partial implementations

So that authors can exploit the forward-compatible parsing rules to assign fallback values, CSS renderers must treat as invalid (and ignore as appropriate) any at-rules, properties, property values, keywords, and other syntactic constructs for which they have no usable level of support. In particular, user agents must not selectively ignore unsupported component values and honor supported values in a single multi-value property declaration: if any value is considered invalid (as unsupported values must be), CSS requires that the entire declaration be ignored.

Implementations of Unstable and Proprietary Features

To avoid clashes with future stable CSS features, the CSSWG recommends following best practices for the implementation of unstable features and proprietary extensions to CSS.

Non-experimental implementations

Once a specification reaches the Candidate Recommendation stage, non-experimental implementations are possible, and implementors should release an unprefixed implementation of any CR-level feature they can demonstrate to be correctly implemented according to spec.

To establish and maintain the interoperability of CSS across implementations, the CSS Working Group requests that non-experimental CSS renderers submit an implementation report (and, if necessary, the testcases used for that implementation report) to the W3C before releasing an unprefixed implementation of any CSS features. Testcases submitted to W3C are subject to review and correction by the CSS Working Group.

Further information on submitting testcases and implementation reports can be found from on the CSS Working Group’s website at http://www.w3.org/Style/CSS/Test/. Questions should be directed to the public-css-testsuite@w3.org mailing list.

Index

Terms defined by this specification

Terms defined by reference

References

Normative References

[CSS-CASCADE-5]
Elika Etemad; Miriam Suzanne; Tab Atkins Jr.. CSS Cascading and Inheritance Level 5. URL: https://drafts.csswg.org/css-cascade-5/
[CSS-COLOR-4]
Chris Lilley; Tab Atkins Jr.; Lea Verou. CSS Color Module Level 4. URL: https://drafts.csswg.org/css-color-4/
[CSS-COLOR-5]
Chris Lilley; et al. CSS Color Module Level 5. URL: https://drafts.csswg.org/css-color-5/
[CSS-VALUES-3]
Tab Atkins Jr.; Elika Etemad. CSS Values and Units Module Level 3. URL: https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-3/
[CSS-VALUES-4]
Tab Atkins Jr.; Elika Etemad. CSS Values and Units Module Level 4. URL: https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-4/
[CSS2]
Bert Bos; et al. Cascading Style Sheets Level 2 Revision 1 (CSS 2.1) Specification. URL: https://drafts.csswg.org/css2/
[Rec.2020]
Recommendation ITU-R BT.2020-2: Parameter values for ultra-high definition television systems for production and international programme exchange. October 2015. URL: http://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-BT.2020/en
[Rec_BT.2100]
ITU-R BT.2100-2 Image parameter values for high dynamic range television for use in production and international programme exchange. URL: https://www.itu.int/dms_pubrec/itu-r/rec/bt/R-REC-BT.2100-2-201807-I!!PDF-E.pdf
[Rec_BT.2390]
ITU-R BT.2390-8 High dynamic range television for production and international programme exchange. URL: https://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-r/opb/rep/R-REP-BT.2390-8-2020-PDF-E.pdf
[RFC2119]
S. Bradner. Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels. March 1997. Best Current Practice. URL: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc2119
[Rpt_BT.2408]
Report ITU-R BT.2408-0 Operational practices in HDR television production. URL: https://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-r/opb/rep/R-REP-BT.2408-2017-PDF-E.pdf
[Safdar-PUCS]
Safdar, Muhammad; et al. Perceptually uniform color space for image signals including high dynamic range and wide gamut. URL: https://www.osapublishing.org/DirectPDFAccess/33630C0F-CFF9-6328-FA6195B4E962F4D7_368272/oe-25-13-15131.pdf?da=1&id=368272&amp;seq=0&amp;mobile=no
[SMPTE-ST-2084]
ST 2084:2014 - SMPTE Standard - High Dynamic Range Electro-Optical Transfer Function of Mastering Reference Displays. URL: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7291452

Informative References

[ARIB_STD-B67]
Essential Parameter Values for the Extended Image Dynamic Range Television (EIDRTV) System for Programme Production. URL: https://www.arib.or.jp/english/html/overview/doc/2-STD-B67v1_0.pdf
[DisplayHDR]
Summary of DisplayHDR Specs under CTS 1.1. URL: https://displayhdr.org/performance-criteria-cts1-1/

Property Index

Name Value Initial Applies to Inh. %ages Anim­ation type Canonical order Com­puted value
dynamic-range-limit standard | high | constrained-high high all elements no n/a by dynamic-range-limit-mix() per grammar specified value

Issues Index

add a diagram showing SDR and HDR dynamic ranges on a log scale
from BT.2100 p.3 "Note 3d – For PQ in a non-reference viewing environment, or for HLG (in any viewing environment), the black level should be adjusted using the PLUGE test signal and procedure specified in Recommendation ITU-R BT.814."
add other examples, including encoding of sRGB red, green, blue and P3 red, green, blue.
add other examples
add black level lift Β as defined on same page?
Do the PQ-based color spaces require tone-mapping (OOTF) for display in different viewing environments?