Since time immemorial, the img element has had the
ismap attribute. There are many things you can do
with it, and it was a staple of "fancy" web pages in the 90's.
But modern JS and CSS tools have all but deprecated it.
The ismap only works if the img is
inside an a (anchor/link), and will load the target
with an added query string specifying the x,y coordinates
of the pixel on which the mouse was clicked.
The apache httpd server has had the mod_imagemap
module that allows developers to specify a mapping from points,
polygons, etc. to specific URLs. In the age of SPA, this has
also become all but deprecated.
However, it can still be useful, even in a single page!
Click on the image above, and see what happens. The URL will change, and ... if I had more time I would have changed the background colour to what you clicked.
PS: I built an ismap based interactive tour of the
campus map of where I did my undergrad, and then sold it to the
university in 1995. Clicking on the campus map loaded a picture
that I took with a film camera, had developed, and scanned with
an old-school flatbed scanner. Digital cameras were a thing,
but not good at all.
PPS: I wanted to do <blink/>, but it doesn't
work anymore.