This specification defines two profiles of [[ttml2]]: a text-only profile and an image-only profile. These profiles are intended to be used across subtitle and caption delivery applications worldwide, thereby simplifying interoperability, consistent rendering and conversion to other subtitling and captioning formats.

This specification improves on [[ttml-imsc1.1]] by supporting contemporary practices, while retaining compatibility with [[ttml-imsc1.1]] documents. Relative to [[ttml-imsc1.1]], any addition or deprecation of features are summarized at .

A list of the substantive changes applied since the initial Working Draft is found at substantive-changes-summary.txt.

Scope

This specification defines two profiles of [[!ttml2]]: a text-only profile and an image-only profile. These profiles are intended for subtitle and caption delivery worldwide, including dialog language translation, content description, captions for deaf and hard of hearing, etc.

This specification maintains the scope of [[ttml-imsc1.1]] while adding the minimal set of features necessary to support contemporary practices for worldwide subtitling and captioning delivery.

The specification is designed such that:

The Text Profile is a syntactic superset of [[ttml10-sdp-us]], and a document can simultaneously conform to both [[ttml10-sdp-us]] and the Text Profile.

Introduction

This specification defines a document exchange format and associated validation and presentation requirements for subtitle and caption delivery worldwide, including dialog language translation, content description, captions for deaf and hard of hearing, etc. It is based on [[ttml2]] and includes extensions specified in [[SMPTE2052-1]] and [[EBU-TT-D]].

Two profiles are defined: in the Text Profile, timed text is expressed exclusively using code points defined in [[[Unicode]]], whereas, in the Image Profile, timed text is expressed exclusively using bitmap images. The clear distinction between the two profiles reduces authoring and processing complexity. For example, it allows systems to unambiguously specify whether timed text in text and/or image form is permitted.

Timed text in image form can be used in scenarios where the required text rendering functionality is not available, for example if the required fonts can not be distributed, or if the receiving processor has insufficient computing resources to present text while displaying video. They can also be used to achieve a visual effect that is beyond the capabilities of this specification, e.g. illuminated letters.

As detailed in , two distinct mechanisms are used to associate text alternative with timed text in image form:

As detailed in and , this specification is designed to be compatible with other TTML-based timed text formats, including [[ttml-imsc1]], [[ttml-imsc1.0.1]], [[SMPTE2052-1]], [[EBU-TT-D]], [[ttml10-sdp-us]] and [[CFF]].

To improve rendering fidelity, defines reference fonts and requires Processors to support one or more fonts with similar font metrics as these reference fonts. Similarly, in order to increase the confidence that text will be presented correctly by Processors targeting specific languages, defines common character sets that authors are encouraged to use.

To assist implementers in developing Processors that can render all Document Instances, specifies an hypothetical rendering model that is used to measure and limiting Document Instance complexity.

Both Text Profile and the Image Profile were based on [[SUBM]].

Documentation Conventions

This specification uses the same conventions as [[!ttml2]] for the specification of parameter attributes, styling attributes and metadata elements. In particular:

This specification uses Feature and Extension designations as defined in Appendices E.1 and F.1 at [[!ttml2]]:

If the name of an element referenced in this specification is not namespace qualified, then the TT namespace applies (see .)

Terms and Definitions

Associated region. The region element associated with an element according to the [associate region] procedure defined in [[!ttml2]].

Character Information Item. See Section 2.2 at [[!ttml2]].

Document Instance. See Section 2.2 at [[!ttml2]].

Default Processor Profile. As defined in [[!ttml2]].

Default Region. See Section 9.3.1 at [[!ttml2]].

Extension. See Section 2.2 at [[!ttml2]].

External Data Resource. See Section 2.2 at [[!ttml2]].

Feature. See Section 2.2 at [[!ttml2]].

Intermediate Synchronic Document. See Section 9.3.2 at [[!ttml2]].

Document Interchange Context. See Section 2.2 at [[!ttml2]].

Document Processing Context. As defined in [[!ttml2]].

Effective Processor Profile. As defined in [[!ttml2]].

Font Resource. As defined in [[!ttml2]].

Image Profile transformation processor. A transformation processor that conforms to the Image Profile.

Image Profile presentation processor. A presentation processor that conforms to the Image Profile.

Linear White-Space. See Section 2.3 at [[!ttml2]].

non-text content. As defined in [[!WCAG21]].

Override Content Profile. As defined in [[!ttml2]].

Processor. Either a Presentation processor or a Transformation processor.

Presentation processor. See Section 2.2 at [[!ttml2]].

Specified Value. As defined in [[!ttml2]].

Transformation processor. See Section 2.2 at [[!ttml2]].

Processor Profile. As defined in [[!ttml2]].

Related Media Object. See Section 2.2 at [[!ttml2]].

Related Video Object. A Related Media Object that consists of a sequence of image frames, each a rectangular array of pixels.

Root Container Region. See Section 2.2 at [[!ttml2]].

text alternative. As defined in [[!WCAG21]].

Text Profile transformation processor. A transformation processor that conforms to the Text Profile.

Text Profile presentation processor. A presentation processor that conforms to the Text Profile.

A Document Instance that conforms to a profile defined herein:

A Document Instance, by definition, satisfies the requirements of Section 3.1 at [[ttml2]], and hence a Document Instance that conforms to a profile defined herein is also a conforming TTML1 Document Instance.

A presentation processor that conforms to a profile defined in this specification:

A transformation processor that conforms to a profile defined in this specification:

A Feature or Extension currently designated permitted-deprecated is intended to be designated as optional or prohibited in future versions of this specification.

A Feature or Extension designated as partially supported is neither completely prohibited nor completely permitted. Instead, the disposition of each of its subset Feature or Extension is specified individually.

[[ttml2]] makes a distinction between a presentation processor, whose purpose is to present a Document Instance, and transformation processor, whose purpose is to process a Document Instance without presenting it. A renderer embedded in the media pipeline of a mobile device is an example of a presentation processor, whereas a validator is an example of a transformation processor.

A processor that conforms to one profile defined in this specification is not required to conform to the other profile. For convenience, the terms Image Profile transformation processor, Text Profile transformation processor, Image Profile presentation processor, and Text Profile presentation processor are defined.

The use of the term presentation processor (transformation processor) within this specification does not imply conformance to the DFXP Presentation Profile (DFXP Transformation Profile) specified in [[ttml2]]. In other words, it is not considered an error for a presentation processor (transformation processor) to conform to a profile defined in this specification without also conforming to the DFXP Presentation Profile (DFXP Transformation Profile).

This specification does not specify presentation processor or transformation processor behavior when processing or transforming a non-conformant Document Instance.

The permitted and prohibited dispositions do not refer to the specification of a ttp:feature or ttp:extension element as being permitted or prohibited within a ttp:profile element.

Profiles

General

Notwithstanding special cases, e.g. a Document Instance that contains no p, span, br, image element and no smpte:backgroundImage attribute, it is generally not possible to construct a Document Instance that conforms to the Text Profile and Image Profile simultaneously, and it is not possible to construct a Document Instance that results in the presentation of both text data and image data.

Text Profile

The Text Profile consists of Sections , and .

Image Profile

The Image Profile consists of Sections , and .

Profile Resolution Semantics

General

The Profile Semantics specified in [[!ttml2]] apply.

The default value of prohibited attributes, e.g. ttp:contentProfileCombination, applies.

The Text Profile processor profile includes all of the features required by each of the following processor profiles:

  • [[ttml10-sdp-us]]
  • [[EBU-TT-D]]
  • [[ttml-imsc1.0.1]] Text Profile
  • [[ttml-imsc1.1]] Text Profile

The Image Profile processor profile includes all of the features required by each of the following processor profiles:

  • [[ttml-imsc1.0.1]] Image Profile
  • [[ttml-imsc1.1]] Image Profile

Authors can use TTML content verification tools to detect and warn about overly constrained uses of content and processor profile attribute vocabulary, e.g. warn if (a) a document simultaneously (i) specifies conformance to content profile X and (ii) requires use of processor profile Y, and (b) profiles X and Y are semantically incompatible.

Override

If one or more ebuttm:conformsToStandard elements, as specified in [[!EBU-TT-M]], are set to any of the following designators, then the override content profile SHALL be set to the profile associated with any one of the matching designators:

  • [[ttml-imsc1.0.1]] Text Profile Designator
  • [[ttml-imsc1.0.1]] Image Profile Designator
  • [[ttml-imsc1.1]] Text Profile Designator
  • [[ttml-imsc1.1]] Image Profile Designator
  • Image Profile Designator
  • Text Profile Designator
  • urn:ebu:tt:distribution:2014-01, as specified in [[!EBU-TT-D]]
  • urn:ebu:tt:distribution:2018-04, as specified in [[!EBU-TT-D]]

Supported Features and Extensions

See for a definition of permitted, prohibited, optional and permitted-deprecated.

Feature or Extension Text Profile Disposition Image Profile Disposition
Relative to the TT Feature namespace
All features specified in [[ttml2]] are prohibited unless specified otherwise below
#animation permitted
#animation-version-2 Partially supported via #animation.
#background Partially supported via #backgroundColor.
#backgroundColor permitted Partially supported via #backgroundColor-region and #backgroundColor-block.
#backgroundColor-block permitted
#backgroundColor-inline permitted prohibited
#backgroundColor-region permitted
#base permitted
#base-version-2 Partially supported via #base.
#bidi permitted Partially supported via #writingMode-horizontal.
#bidi-version-2 Partially supported via #bidi and #unicodeBidi-version-2. prohibited
#cellResolution permitted
#color permitted
Section specifies additional constraints.
prohibited
#content permitted permitted
Section specifies additional constraints.
#contentProfiles permitted
#core permitted
#direction permitted prohibited
#disparity permitted
#display permitted
#display-block permitted
#display-inline permitted
#display-region permitted
#display-version-2 Partially supported via #display, #display-block, #display-inline, and #display-region.
#displayAlign permitted prohibited
#displayAlign-region permitted prohibited
#displayAlign-relative permitted prohibited
#displayAlign-version-2 Partially supported via #displayAlign-region, and #displayAlign-relative. prohibited
#displayAspectRatio permitted
Section specifies additional constraints.
#embedded-audio prohibited
#embedded-data is however partially supported.
prohibited.
#embedded-content Partially supported via #embedded-font. prohibited
#embedded-data Partially supported via #resources and #source. prohibited
#embedded-font Partially supported via #embedded-data and #font. prohibited
#embedded-image prohibited
#embedded-data is however partially supported.
Partially supported via #image.
#extent permitted
#extent-full-version-2 Partially supported via #extent-version-2.
#extent-image prohibited permitted
Section specifies additional constraints.
#extent-length permitted
#extent-length-version-2 permitted See the disposition of #length-version-2.
#extent-region Partially supported via #extent-length.
Section specifies additional constraints.
Partially supported via #extent-length.
Section specifies additional constraints.
#extent-region-version-2 Partially supported via #extent-region.
#extent-root Partially supported via #extent-length.
Section specifies additional constraints.
#extent-root-version-2 Partially supported via #extent-root.
#extent-version-2 Partially supported via #extent and #extent-region-version-2. Partially supported via #extent, #extent-image, and #extent-region-version-2.
#font permitted
Section specifies additional constraints.
prohibited
#fontFamily permitted
Section specifies additional constraints.
prohibited
#fontFamily-generic permitted
Section specifies additional constraints.
prohibited
#fontFamily-non-generic permitted prohibited
#fontSize Partially supported via #fontSize-isomorphic. prohibited
#fontSize-isomorphic permitted prohibited
#fontStyle permitted prohibited
#fontStyle-italic permitted
Section provides additional information.
prohibited
#fontStyle-oblique permitted
Section provides additional information.
prohibited
#fontWeight permitted prohibited
#fontWeight-bold permitted prohibited
#frameRate permitted
Section specifies additional constraints.
#frameRateMultiplier permitted
#image prohibited permitted
Section specifies additional constraints.
#image-png prohibited permitted
Section specifies additional constraints.
#initial permitted prohibited
#layout permitted
Section specifies additional constraints.
#length permitted Partially supported via #length-integer, #length-real, #length-positive, #length-negative, #length-cell, #length-percentage, and #length-pixel.
#length-cell permitted
Section specifies additional constraints.
#length-em permitted prohibited
#length-integer permitted
#length-negative permitted
Section specifies additional constraints.
permitted
Section specifies additional constraints.
#length-percentage permitted
#length-pixel permitted
#length-positive permitted
#length-real permitted
#length-root-container-relative permitted
Section specifies additional constraints.
prohibited
#length-version-2 permitted Partially supported via #length.
#lineBreak-uax14

The processor SHALL implement the #lineBreak-uax14 feature.

No processor requirement is specified.
#lineHeight permitted
Section specifies additional constraints.
prohibited
#luminanceGain permitted
#metadata permitted
#metadata-item permitted
Section specifies additional constraints.
#metadata-version-2 permitted
#nested-div permitted prohibited
#nested-span permitted prohibited
#opacity permitted
#opacity-region permitted
#opacity-version-2 Partially supported via #opacity.
#origin permitted
Section specifies additional constraints.
permitted
#overflow permitted
#overflow-visible permitted
#padding permitted prohibited
#padding-1 permitted prohibited
#padding-2 permitted prohibited
#padding-3 permitted prohibited
#padding-4 permitted prohibited
#padding-region permitted prohibited
#padding-version-2 Partially supported via #padding, #padding-1, #padding-2, #padding-3, #padding-4, and #padding-region prohibited
#position permitted
Section specify additional constraints.
prohibited
#presentation permitted
#presentation-version-2 Partially supported via #presentation and #profile-version-2
#profile permitted
#profile-full-version-2 Partially supported via #contentProfiles, #profile, and #profile-version-2.
#profile-version-2 Partially supported via #contentProfiles, and #profile.
#region-timing permitted
#resources permitted
Section specify additional constraints.
prohibited
#ruby permitted prohibited
#ruby-full Partially supported via #ruby, #rubyAlign, #rubyPosition, and #rubyReserve. prohibited
#rubyAlign Partially supported via #rubyAlign-minimal. prohibited
#rubyAlign-minimal permitted
Section specifies additional constraints.
prohibited
#rubyPosition permitted prohibited
#rubyReserve permitted prohibited
#set permitted
#shear permitted
Section provides additional information.
prohibited
#showBackground permitted
#source permitted
Section specify additional constraints.
prohibited
#structure permitted
#styling permitted
#styling-chained permitted
#styling-inheritance-content permitted
#styling-inheritance-region permitted
#styling-inline permitted
#styling-nested permitted
#styling-referential permitted
#textAlign permitted prohibited
#textAlign-absolute permitted prohibited
#textAlign-relative permitted prohibited
#textAlign-version-2 Partially supported via #textAlign, #textAlign-relative, and #textAlign-absolute. prohibited
#textCombine permitted prohibited
#textDecoration permitted prohibited
#textDecoration-over permitted prohibited
#textDecoration-through permitted prohibited
#textDecoration-under permitted prohibited
#textEmphasis Partially supported via #textEmphasis-minimal. prohibited
#textEmphasis-minimal permitted prohibited
#textOutline Partially supported via #textOutline-unblurred. prohibited
#textOutline-unblurred permitted
Section specifies additional constraints.
prohibited
#textShadow permitted
Section specifies additional constraints.
prohibited
#tickRate permitted
Section specifies additional constraints.
#timeBase-media permitted
#timeContainer permitted
#time-clock permitted
#time-clock-with-frames permitted
#time-offset permitted
#time-offset-with-frames permitted
#time-offset-with-ticks permitted
#timing permitted
Section specifies additional constraints.
#transformation permitted
#transformation-version-2 Partially supported via #transformation and #profile-version-2.
#unicodeBidi permitted prohibited
#unicodeBidi-version-2 Partially supported via #unicodeBidi. prohibited
#visibility permitted Partially supported via #visibility-block and #visibility-region.
#visibility-block permitted
#visibility-image prohibited permitted
#visibility-inline permitted prohibited
#visibility-region permitted
#visibility-version-2 Partially supported via #visibility. Partially supported via #visibility and #visibility-image.
#wrapOption permitted prohibited
#writingMode permitted Partially supported via #writingMode-horizontal.
#writingMode-horizontal permitted Partially supported via #writingMode-horizontal-lr and #writingMode-horizontal-rl.
#writingMode-horizontal-lr permitted
#writingMode-horizontal-rl permitted permitted-deprecated
#writingMode-vertical permitted prohibited
#zIndex permitted-deprecated
Relative to the SMPTE-TT Extension Namespace
#image prohibited permitted-deprecated
Section specifies additional constraints.
Relative to the IMSC Extension namespace
#activeArea permitted
#altText permitted-deprecated
Section specifies additional constraints.
#aspectRatio permitted-deprecated
Section specifies additional constraints.
#fillLineGap permitted prohibited
#forcedDisplay permitted
#linePadding permitted
Section specifies additional constraints.
permitted-deprecated
#multiRowAlign permitted
Section specifies additional constraints.
permitted-deprecated
#progressivelyDecodable permitted-deprecated

Common Provisions

Document Encoding

A Document Instance SHALL be concretely encoded as a well-formed XML 1.0 [[!xml]] document using the UTF-8 character encoding as specified in [[!UNICODE]].

The resulting [[!xml]] document SHOULD NOT contain any of the following physical structures:

These physical structures are intended to be prohibited in future versions of this specification.

The resulting [[xml]] document can contain character references, and entity references to predefined entities.

Foreign Element and Attributes

A Document Instance MAY contain elements and attributes that are neither specifically permitted nor forbidden by a profile.

A transformation processor SHOULD preserve such elements or attributes whenever possible.

Document Instances remain subject to the content conformance requirements specified at Section 3.1 of [[ttml2]]. In particular, a Document Instance can contain elements and attributes not in any TT namespace, i.e. in foreign namespaces, since such elements and attributes are pruned by the algorithm at Section 4 of [[ttml2]] prior to evaluating content conformance.

For validation purposes it is good practice to define and use a content specification for all foreign namespace elements and attributes used within a Document Instance.

Namespaces

The following namespaces (see [[!xml-names]]) are used in this specification:

Name Prefix Value Defining Specification
XML xml http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace [[!xml-names]]
TT tt http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml [[!ttml2]]
TT Parameter ttp http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#parameter [[!ttml2]]
TT Styling tts http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#styling [[!ttml2]]
TT Feature none http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml/feature/ [[!ttml2]]
SMPTE-TT Extension smpte http://www.smpte-ra.org/schemas/2052-1/2010/smpte-tt [[!SMPTE2052-1]]
EBU-TT Styling ebutts urn:ebu:tt:style [[!EBU-TT-D]]
EBU-TT Metadata ebuttm urn:ebu:tt:metadata [[!EBU-TT-D]]
IMSC Styling itts http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml/profile/imsc1#styling This specification
IMSC Parameter ittp http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml/profile/imsc1#parameter This specification
IMSC Metadata ittm http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml/profile/imsc1#metadata This specification
IMSC Extension none http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml/profile/imsc1/extension/ This specification
IMSC 1.2 Text Profile Designator none See Section
IMSC 1.2 Image Profile Designator none See Section

The namespace prefix values defined above are for convenience and Document Instances MAY use any prefix value that conforms to [[!xml-names]].

The namespaces defined by this specification are mutable [[namespaceState]]; all undefined names in these namespaces are reserved for future standardization by the W3C.

Overflow

A Document Instance SHOULD be authored assuming strict clipping of content that falls out of region areas, regardless of the computed value of tts:overflow for the region.

As specified in [[ttml2]], tts:overflow has no effect on the extent of the region, and hence the total normalized drawing area S(En) at .

Related Video Object

A Document Instance MAY be associated with a Related Video Object.

While this specification contains specific provisions when a Document Instance is associated with a Related Video Object, it does not prevent the use of a Document Instance with other kinds of Related Media Object, e.g. an audio object.

Synchronization

Each intermediate synchronic document of the Document Instance is intended to be displayed on a specific frame and removed on a specific frame of the Related Video Object.

When mapping a media time expression M to a frame F of a Related Video Object, e.g. for the purpose of rendering a Document Instance onto the Related Video Object, the presentation processor SHALL map M to the frame F with the presentation time that is the closest to, but not less, than M.

In typical scenario, the same video program (the Related Video Object) will be used for Document Instance authoring, delivery and user playback. The mapping from media time expression to Related Video Object above allows the author to precisely associate subtitle video content with video frames, e.g. around scene transitions. In circumstances where the video program is downsampled during delivery, the application can specify that, at playback, the relative video object be considered the delivered video program upsampled to is original rate, thereby allowing subtitle content to be rendered at the same temporal locations it was authored.

Mapping the Root Container Region to the Related Video Object

The Root Container Region of a Document Instance SHALL be mapped to a rectangular area within each image frame of the Related Video Object according to the following:

  1. the ratio of the width to the height of the rectangular area is equal to the display aspect ratio of the Root Container Region as determined in Appendix H of [[!ttml2]];
  2. the center of the rectangular area is collocated with the center of the image frame;
  3. the rectangular area is entirely within the image frame; and
  4. the rectangular area has a height or width equal to that of the image frame.
The mapping algorithm above allows the author to precisely control caption/subtitle position relative to elements within each frame of the video program, e.g. to match the position of actors. This mapping algorithm does not however specify the presentation of either the video frame or Root Container Region on the ultimate display device. This presentation depends on many factors, including user input, and can involve displaying only parts of the content. Authors are therefore encouraged to follow best practices for the intended target applications. Below are selected examples:
  • A 16:9 video program is authored to ensure adequate presentation on 4:3 display devices using a center-cut. Accordingly subtitle/captions are authored using ttp:displayAspectRatio="4 3", allowing the combination to be displayed on both 4:3 and 16:9 display devices while preserving both caption/subtitles content and the relative position of caption/subtitles with video elements.
  • A playback system zooms the content of example (a) to fill a 21:9 display, perhaps as instructed by the user. The system elects to scale the Root Container Region to fit vertically within the display (maintaining its aspect ratio as authored), at the cost of losing relative positioning between caption/subtitles and video elements.
  • The system described in (b) instead elects to map the Root Container Region to the video frame, maintaining relative positioning between caption/subtitles and video elements but at the risk of clipping subtitles/captions.
  • Subtitle/captions are authored using ttp:displayAspectRatio="16 9" to match the 16:9 video, but ittp:activeArea indicates that the Active Area is smaller than the Root Container Region. The system, which uses a 4:3 display, elects to scale the video and the Root Container Region such that all of the subtitle/caption content within the Active Area is visible, with positional alignment maintained, at the cost of clipping some of the video.

Extension Vocabulary

ittp:aspectRatio

The #aspectRatio feature is designated as permitted-deprecated in the profiles defined by this specification. The #displayAspectRatio feature provides equivalent semantics.

The ittp:aspectRatio attributes allows authorial control of the mapping of the Root Container Region of a Document Instance to each image frame of the Related Video Object.

If present, the ittp:aspectRatio attribute SHALL conform to the following syntax:

ittp:aspectRatio
  : numerator denominator          // with int(numerator) != 0 and int(denominator) != 0
                                   // where int(s) parses string s as a decimal integer.

numerator | denominator
  : <digit>+                       // no linear white-space is implied or permitted
                                   // between each <digit> token

An ittp:aspectRatio attribute is considered to be significant only when specified on the tt element.

If specified on the tt element, the ittp:aspectRatio attribute specifies the display aspect ratio of the Root Container Region. If not specified, then the display aspect ratio of the Root Container Region is determined according to Appendix H of [[!ttml2]].

ittp:progressivelyDecodable

The #progressivelyDecodable feature is designated as permitted-deprecated in the profiles defined by this specification.

A progressively decodable Document Instance is structured to facilitate presentation before the document is received in its entirety, and can be identified using ittp:progressivelyDecodable attribute.

A progressively decodable Document Instance is a Document Instance that conforms to the following:

  1. no attribute or element of the TTML timing vocabulary is present within the head element;
  2. given two intermediate synchronic documents A and B of the Document Instance, with start times TA and TB, respectively, TA is not greater than TB if A includes a p element that lexically precedes any p element that B includes;
  3. no attribute of the TTML timing vocabulary is present on a descendant element of p; and
  4. no element E1 explicitly references another element E2 where the opening tag of E2 is lexically subsequent to the opening tag of E1.

If present, the ittp:progressivelyDecodable attribute SHALL conform to the following syntax:

ittp:progressivelyDecodable
  : "true"
  | "false"

An ittp:progressivelyDecodable attribute is considered to be significant only when specified on the tt element.

If not specified, the value of ittp:progressivelyDecodable SHALL be considered to be equal to "false".

A Document Instance for which the computed value of ittp:progressivelyDecodable is "true" SHALL be a progressively decodable Document Instance.

A Document Instance for which the computed value of ittp:progressivelyDecodable is "false" is neither asserted to be a progressively decodable Document Instance nor asserted not to be a progressively decodable Document Instance.

<tt
  xmlns="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml"
  xmlns:ttm="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#metadata" 
  xmlns:tts="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#styling"
  xmlns:ttp="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml#parameter" 
  xmlns:ittp="http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml/profile/imsc1#parameter"
  ittp:progressivelyDecodable="true"
  ttp:profile="..."
 >
 ...
</tt>

[[ttml2]] specifies explicitly referencing of elements identified using xml:id in the following circumstances:

  • an element in body referencing region elements. In this case, Requirement 4 above is always satisfied.
  • an element in body referencing style elements. In this case, Requirement 4 above is always satisfied.
  • a region element referencing style elements. In this case, Requirement 4 above is always satisfied.
  • a style element referencing other style elements. In this case, Requirement 4 provides an optimization of style element ordering within the head element.
  • a ttm:actor element referencing a ttm:agent element. In this case, Requirement 4 provides optimization of metadata elements ordering within the document.
  • a content element referencing ttm:agent elements using the ttm:agent attribute. In this case, Requirement 4 provides optimization of metadata elements ordering within the document.

itts:forcedDisplay

itts:forcedDisplay can be used to hide content whose computed value of tts:visibility is "visible" when the processor has been configured to do so via the application parameter displayForcedOnlyMode.

If and only if the value of displayForcedOnlyMode is "true", a content element with a itts:forcedDisplay computed value of "false" SHALL NOT produce any visible rendering, regardless of the computed value of tts:visibility.

The itts:forcedDisplay attribute has no effect on content layout or composition, but merely determines whether composed content is visible or not.

The itts:forcedDisplay attribute SHALL conform to the following:

Values: false | true
Initial: false
Applies to: body, div, p, region, span
Inherited: yes
Percentages: N/A
Animatable: discrete

Annex illustrates the use of itts:forcedDisplay in an application in which a single document contains both hard of hearing captions and translated foreign language subtitles, using itts:forcedDisplay to display translation subtitles always, independently of whether the hard of hearing captions are displayed or hidden.

The presentation processor SHALL accept an optional boolean parameter called displayForcedOnlyMode, whose value MAY be set by a context external to the presentation processor. If not set, the value of displayForcedOnlyMode SHALL be assumed to be equal to "false".

The algorithm for setting the displayForcedOnlyMode parameter based on the circumstances under which the Document Instance is presented is left to the application.



        

As specified in [[ttml2]], the background of a region can be visible even if the computed value of tts:visibility equals "hidden" for all active content within. The background of a region for which itts:forcedDisplay equals "true" can therefore remain visible even if itts:forcedDisplay equals "false" for all active content elements within the region and displayForcedOnlyMode equals "true". Authors can avoid this situation, for instance, by ensuring that content elements and the regions that they are flowed into always have the same value of itts:forcedDisplay.

Although itts:forcedDisplay, like all the TTML style attributes, has no defined semantics on a br content element, itts:forcedDisplay will apply to a br content element if it is either defined on an ancestor content element of the br content element or it is applied to a region element corresponding to a region that the br content element is being flowed into.

It is expected that the functionality of itts:forcedDisplay will be mapped to a conditional style construct in a future revision of this specification.

The presentation semantics associated with itts:forcedDisplay are intended to be compatible with those associated with the forcedDisplayMode attribute defined in [[CFF]].

ittm:altText

The #altText feature is designated as permitted-deprecated in the profiles defined by this specification. The altText named metadata item provides equivalent semantics.

ittm:altText allows an author to provide a text string equivalent for an element, typically an image. This text alternative MAY be used to support indexing of the content, facilitate quality checking of the document during authoring and make a Image Profile Document Instance accessible to timed text authors with (visual) disabilities in absence of a corresponding Text Profile Document Instance.

The ittm:altText element SHALL conform to the following syntax:

<ittm:altText
  xml:id = ID
  xml:lang = string
  xml:space = (default|preserve)
  {any attribute not in the default namespace, any TT namespace or any IMSC namespace}>
  Content: #PCDATA
</ittm:altText>

The ittm:altText element SHALL be a child of the metadata element.

specifies the use of the ittm:altText element with images.



        

In contrast to the common use of alt attributes in [[HTML]], the ittm:altText attribute content is not intended to be displayed in place of the element if the element is not loaded. The ittm:altText attribute content can however be read and used by assistive technologies.

ittp:activeArea

The Active Area of a Document Instance is the area within the Root Container Region that the author intends to be minimally visible to the viewer. This area typically fully contains all of the referenced regions within the Document Instance.

Under normal circumstances, the entirety of the Root Container Region is presented. However, under special circumstances, such as when the related video object is cropped, a system can, for instance, use the ittp:activeArea parameter to avoid cropping areas of the Root Container Region that are intended to be visible to the viewer. The specific behavior of the system is however left undefined intentionally: the system can select a presentation mode appropriate to the display shape, user preferences, etc. The ittp:activeArea is analogous to the Active Format Description (AFD) metadata commonly used in broadcast applications.

The Active Area is specified using the ittp:activeArea attribute.

If present, the ittp:activeArea attribute SHALL conform to the following syntax:

ittp:activeArea
  : leftOffset topOffset width height
  
leftOffset | topOffset | width | height
  : <percentage>                // where <percentage> is non-negative and not greater than 100%.

The width percentage value is relative to the width of the Root Container Region.

The height percentage value is relative to the height of the Root Container Region.

The width and height percentage values are the width and height of the Active Area.

The leftOffset and topOffset percentage values specify an alignment point between the Root Container Region and the Active Area.

The origin top left {x, y} percentage coordinates of the Active Area SHALL be calculated as follows:

x = leftOffset * (1 - width/100)
y = topOffset * (1 - height/100)
          

The use of left and top offset positions is co-incident with the [[css3-background]] background-position property where a two percentage value position is used.

The syntax of the ittp:activeArea parameter is such that the Active Area cannot extend outside the Root Container Region in any dimension.

The ittp:activeArea attribute is considered to be significant only when specified on the tt element.

If the ittp:activeArea attribute is not specified, the Active Area SHALL be the Root Container Region.


      

itts:fillLineGap

The itts:fillLineGap attribute allows the author to control the application of background between successive line areas.

If itts:fillLineGap="true" then the background of each inline area generated by descendant spans of the p element SHALL extend to the before-edge and after-edge of its containing line area (before-edge and after-edge are defined at Section 4.2.3 of [[XSL11]]).

The itts:fillLineGap attribute SHALL conform to the following:

Values: false | true
Initial: false
Applies to: p
Inherited: yes
Percentages: N/A
Animatable: discrete

In the following example, the p specifies itts:fillLineGap="true", and, as a result, no gap exists between its lines.



        
itts:fillLineGap rendering example 1
Illustrative rendition of the example immediately above with itts:fillLineGap="true" removed (left) or preserved (right). Blue lines have been added to show the before-edge and after-edge of each line area, which are coincident for successive line areas.

Also, as illustrated in the following example, because the line areas of successive p elements are contiguous, no gap exists between two successive p elements where itts:fillLineGap="true".



        
itts:fillLineGap rendering example 2
Illustrative rendition of the example immediately above, where itts:fillLineGap="true" on the two paragraphs of the top region, itts:fillLineGap="false" on the two paragraphs of the bottom region.

Profile Signaling

General

The ttp:contentProfiles attribute SHOULD be present on the tt element, with exactly one of its values equal to the designator of the profile (either Text Profile or Image Profile) to which the Document Instance conforms.

The ttp:contentProfiles attribute is prohibited in some profiles, e.g. [[EBU-TT-D]] as discussed in .

To minimize the risk of incompatibility, the use of the ttp:contentProfiles attribute and other syntax introduced in [[ttml2]] is not recommended in documents intended to conform to profiles that are based on [[TTML1]], e.g. [[SMPTE2052-1]], [[ttml-imsc1]] , [[ttml-imsc1.0.1]] , or [[ttml10-sdp-us]].

The ttp:contentProfiles attribute can include additional designators, beyond those specified herein, including designators for other versions of this specification.

specifies the process by which the effective processor profile associated with the Document Instance is determined.

Signaling conformance using EBU-TT metadata

When using the ebuttm:conformsToStandard element specified in [[!EBU-TT-M]], the designators of the Text Profile and Image Profile SHALL be used when indicating conformance to the corresponding profile.

See for a sample Document Instance that follows the recommendations of this section.

Hypothetical Render Model

It SHALL be possible to apply the Hypothetical Render Model specified in Section to any sequence of consecutive intermediate synchronic documents without error as defined in Section .

Style Resolution

The following style properties SHALL be subject to the Style Resolution procedures specified at Section 10.4 of [[!ttml2]]:

The style properties above can be specified as attributes of the initial element specified at Section 10.1.1 of [[ttml2]].

Constraints

Region

Presented Region

A presented region is a temporally active region that satisfies the following conditions:

  1. the computed value of tts:opacity is not equal to "0.0"; and
  2. the computed value of tts:display is not "none"; and
  3. the computed value of tts:visibility is not "hidden"; and
  4. either (a) content is selected into the region or (b) the computed value of tts:showBackground is equal to "always" and the computed value of tts:backgroundColor has non-transparent alpha.
Dimensions and Position

All regions SHALL NOT extend beyond the Root Container Region, i.e. every coordinate in the set of coordinates of each region is also in the set of coordinates of the Root Container Region.

No two presented regions in a given intermediate synchronic document SHALL overlap, i.e. the intersection of the sets of coordinates within each presented region is empty.

Maximum number

The number of presented regions in a given intermediate synchronic document SHALL NOT be greater than 4.

altText named metadata item

A altText named metadata item SHALL NOT be present in a Document Instance if any ittm:altText element is also present.

#altText

The ittm:altText element SHOULD NOT be present unless compatibility with [[ttml-imsc1.0.1]] processors is desired.

A ittm:altText element SHALL NOT be present in a Document Instance if any altText named metadata item element is also present.

#aspectRatio

The ittp:aspectRatio attribute SHOULD NOT be present in a Document Instance unless compatibility with [[ttml-imsc1.0.1]] processors is desired.

The ittp:aspectRatio attribute SHALL not be present in a Document Instance if any ttp:displayAspectRatio attribute is also present.

#displayAspectRatio

The ttp:displayAspectRatio attribute SHALL not be present in a Document Instance if any ittp:aspectRatio attribute is also present.

#extent-root

If the Document Instance includes any length value that uses the px unit, tts:extent SHALL be present on the tt element.

#frameRate

If the Document Instance includes any clock time expression that uses the frames term or any offset time expression that uses the f metric, the ttp:frameRate attribute SHALL be present on the tt element.

#length-cell

c units SHALL NOT be present outside of the value of ebutts:linePadding.

#length-root-container-relative

When specified on a tts:extent or tts:position attribute:

  • rh units SHALL NOT be used for horizontal length components; and
  • rw units SHALL NOT be used for vertical length components.

#tickRate

ttp:tickRate SHALL be present on the tt element if the document contains any time expression that uses the t metric.

#timeBase-media

[[ttml2]] specifies that the default timebase is "media" if ttp:timeBase is not specified on tt.

#time-offset-with-frames

As specified in [[ttml2]], a #time-offset-with-frames expression is translated to a media time M according to M = 3600 · hours + 60 · minutes + seconds + (frames ÷ (ttp:frameRateMultiplier · ttp:frameRate)).

#timing

For any content element that contains br elements or text nodes or a smpte:backgroundImage attribute, both the begin attribute and one of either the end or dur attributes SHOULD be specified on the content element or at least one of its ancestors.

usesForced named metadata item

The usesForced named metadata item does not apply since the condition attribute is prohibited.

The itts:forcedDisplay attribute is used to specify forced content semantics.

#zIndex

This feature has no effect since, as specified at , presented regions do not overlap in a Document Instance.

Text Profile Provisions

Profile Designator

This profile is associated with the following profile designator:

Profile Name Profile Designator
IMSC 1.2 Text http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml/profile/imsc1.2/text

Reference Fonts

When rendering codepoints matching one of the combinations of computed font family and codepoints listed in , a processor SHALL use a font that generates a glyph sequence whose dimension is substantially identical to the glyph sequence that would have been generated by one of the specified reference fonts.

This clause only applies to codepoints supported by the processor. See for codepoints that a processor is likely to encounter for various languages.

When a content author sets a bounding box for a subtitle, they want to maximize the likelihood that the text will fit within it when displayed by the processor. If the processor doesn't use the specific font the content author had in mind, the font actually used might cause the text to grow in size so that it no longer fits in the bounding box. This is further compounded by differences in the way text wraps when a font has bigger glyphs, which might increase the number of lines used, and increased line spacing, which might also push some of the text outside the bounding box.
To help ensure that things such as text size, line breaking, and line height behave as expected relative to the size of the bounding box set by the content author, the author can use one of the reference fonts defined by this specification. This specification requires processors to support one or more fonts with similar font metrics as reference fonts. Note that, however, the reference fonts as currently defined only cover characters used for a few writing systems – in particular, a subset of those based on Latin, Greek, Cyrillic, Hebrew, and Arabic scripts.

Implementations can use fonts other than those specified in . Two fonts with equal metrics can have a different appearance, but flow identically.

Font Resources

A Presentation Processor SHALL support font resources of the following media types, as defined in [[!IANA-MEDIA-TYPES]]:

[[IANA-MEDIA-TYPES]] specifies that the media type font/otf includes file extensions .ttf and .otf.

Constraints

#color

The initial value of tts:color SHALL be "white".

This is consistent with [[SMPTE2052-1]].

The named color green defined in [[ttml2]] is equivalent to the RGB color triple #008000 and is not full luminance. For full luminance green, an author can specify the RGB color triple #00ff00 or the named color lime.

#extent-region

For each region element defined in the Document Instance, the specified value of the tts:extent style property SHALL consist of two length expressions that use pixel (px), percentage (%), or root container relative units.

If no region element is defined in the Document Instance, then content flows into the default region; conversely, if one or more region elements are defined in the Document Instance, the default region is not used.

The requirement above requires the author to explicitly specify the value of tts:extent in the Document Instance, e.g. by specifying the tts:extent attribute for each region element.

#font and #source

A font element in the Document Instance SHALL not specify a src attribute.

All source elements that are children of a font element SHALL reference an external data resource.

A Processor MAY use the [[css-fonts-3]] §5 font matching algorithm for associating a font with a run of text.

#fontFamily-generic

In absence of specific instructions on the choice of font families, and in order to enhance reproducibility of line fitting, authors are encouraged to use the monospaceSerif or proportionalSansSerif generic font families, for which reference font metrics are defined at .

If the computed value of tts:fontFamily is "default", then the used value of tts:fontFamily SHALL be "monospaceSerif".

The term used value is defined in CSS 2.1, as normatively referenced by [[ttml2]].

#fontFamily

Linear white-space SHOULD NOT appear between components of the specified value of tts:fontFamily.

#length-negative

Strictly negative length expressions SHALL NOT be used with attributes other than:

  • tts:disparity; and
  • tts:textShadow.

#lineHeight

The specified value of the tts:lineHeight attribute SHOULD be such that specified style set of each p element contains a tts:lineHeight property whose value is not normal.

Implementation of the normal value is not uniform at the time of this writing.

#origin

The value of the tts:origin attribute SHALL consist of two length expressions that use pixel (px) or percentage (%) units.

If the tts:position attribute is specified anywhere in a Document Instance, then the tts:origin attribute SHALL NOT be specified anywhere in that Document Instance.

#position

All length components of the value of a tts:position attribute SHALL use pixel (px), percentage (%) or root container relative units.

If the tts:origin attribute is specified anywhere in a Document Instance, then the tts:position attribute SHALL NOT be specified anywhere in that Document Instance.

#resources

The resources element SHALL not contain any of the following children elements:

  • audio;
  • data; and
  • image.

#rubyAlign

The specified value of the tts:rubyAlign attribute SHALL be such that its computed value is center or spaceAround.

#textOutline-unblurred

The specified value of the tts:textOutline attribute SHALL be such that its computed value on any span element is 10% or less than the computed value of tts:fontSize attribute on the same element.

#textShadow

The specified value of the tts:textShadow attribute SHALL NOT have more than 4 <shadow> values.

ebutts:linePadding

In addition to the style element, the attribute ebutts:linePadding MAY be specified on the following elements:

  • region
  • body
  • div
  • p
  • initial

The processor:

  • SHALL apply ebutts:linePadding to p only; and
  • SHALL treat ebutts:linePadding as inheritable.

The ebutts:linePadding attribute only supports c length units.

In contrast to this specification, [[EBU-TT-D]] specifies that the attribute ebutts:linePadding is allowed only on the style element.

ebutts:multiRowAlign

In addition to the style element, the attribute ebutts:multiRowAlign MAY be specified on the following elements:

  • region
  • body
  • div
  • p
  • initial

The processor:

  • SHALL apply ebutts:multiRowAlign to p only; and
  • SHALL treat ebutts:multiRowAlign as inheritable.

In contrast to this specification, [[EBU-TT-D]] specifies that the attribute ebutts:multiRowAlign is allowed only on the style element.

Slanted Japanese-language text

Since (a) Japanese-language fonts typically do not include italic or oblique faces, and (b) Japanese-language slanted vertical text consists of characters slanted in the vertical direction (and not in the horizontal direction), it is recommended that tts:shear be specified to slant Japanese-language text – instead of specifying tts:fontStyle="italic" or tts:fontStyle="oblique".

Image Profile Provisions

Profile Designator

This profile is associated with the following profile designator:

Profile Name Profile Designator
IMSC 1.1 Image http://www.w3.org/ns/ttml/profile/imsc1.1/image

This profile designator remains unchanged from [[ttml-imsc1.1]] since this specification makes no substantive changes to the Image Profile.

Presented Image

Definition

A presented image is a div element:

  • with a smpte:backgroundImage attribute or a child image element; and
  • that flows into a presented region.

A presented image is never presented in the default region since, as specified in and , it is always associated with a region defined in the Document Instance.

Constraints

In a given intermediate synchronic document, each presented region SHALL contain at most one div element, which SHALL be a presented image.

Intermediate Synchronic Document Construction

For the purposes of constructing an intermediate synchronic document, a div element with a smpte:backgroundImage attribute SHALL NOT be considered empty.

Image Resources

An image resource is a PNG datastream as specified in [[!PNG]].

If a pHYs chunk is present, it SHALL indicate square pixels.

[[PNG]] specifies that, if no pixel aspect ratio is carried, the default of square pixels is assumed.

Constraints

#content

The p, span and br elements SHALL NOT be present.

Sections below specify constraints on div elements.

#extent-region

The tts:extent attribute SHALL be present on each region element defined in the Document Instance and its value SHALL consist of two length expressions that use pixel (px) units.

#length-negative

Strictly negative length expressions SHALL NOT be used with attributes other than:

  • tts:disparity.

TTML #image Feature

The image element SHALL only be used in a image presentation context.

The image element SHALL be a child of a div element that does not have a smpte:backgroundImage attribute.

A div element SHALL have zero or one child image element.

A div element that has a child image element SHALL be associated with a region element defined in the Document Instance.

A div element that contains a child image element SHOULD contain a metadata element containing an altText named metadata item that is a text alternative of the image resource referenced by the image element.

An image element SHALL specify a src attribute, which references an image resource that conforms to .

An image element SHALL specify a type attribute.

An image element SHALL specify a tts:extent attribute, which shall be equal to:

  • the specified value of the tts:extent style property of the region element in which the image element is presented; and
  • the dimensions (in pixels) of the image resource.

SMPTE #image Extension

smpte:backgroundImage

smpte:backgroundImage MAY be used with the semantics of the attribute defined by Sections 5.5.2 of [[!SMPTE2052-1]].

If a smpte:backgroundImage attribute is applied to a div element:

  • the div element SHALL be associated with a region element defined in the Document Instance;
  • the width and height (in pixels) of the image resource referenced by smpte:backgroundImage SHALL be equal to the width and height expressed by the tts:extent attribute of the region in which the div element is presented;
  • the div element SHOULD contain a metadata element containing an ittm:altText element that is a text alternative of the image referenced by the smpte:backgroundImage attribute;
  • The smpte:backgroundImage attribute SHALL reference an image resource that conforms to ; and
  • the div element SHALL NOT have any image element as a descendant.

In order to individually position multiple div elements, each div can be associated with a distinct region with the desired tts:extent and tts:origin.

The rendering semantics of smpte:backgroundImage are not identical to those of background-image specified at Section 7.8.3 of [[XSL11]]. In particular, Section 5.5.6 at [[SMPTE2052-1]] amends the semantics of background-image by specifying values for its min-height and min-width properties.

smpte:backgroundImageHorizontal and smpte:backgroundImageVertical

smpte:backgroundImageHorizontal and smpte:backgroundImageVertical SHALL NOT be used.

smpte:image

smpte:image SHALL NOT be used.

Hypothetical Render Model

Overview

This Section specifies the Hypothetical Render Model illustrated in .

The purpose of the model is to limit Document Instance complexity. It is not intended as a specification of the processing requirements for implementations. For instance, while the model defines a glyph buffer for the purpose of limiting the number of glyphs displayed at any given point in time, it neither requires the implementation of such a buffer, nor models the sub-pixel character positioning and anti-aliased glyph rendering that can be used to produce text output.

Hypothetical Render Model
Hypothetical Render Model

The model operates on successive intermediate synchronic documents obtained from an input Document Instance, and uses a simple double buffering model: while an intermediate synchronic document En is being painted into Presentation Buffer Pn (the "front buffer" of the model), the previous intermediate synchronic document En-1 is available for display in Presentation Buffer Pn-1 (the "back buffer" of the model).

The model specifies an (hypothetical) time required for completely painting an intermediate synchronic document as a proxy for complexity. Painting includes drawing region backgrounds, rendering and copying glyphs, and decoding and copying images. Complexity is then limited by requiring that painting of intermediate synchronic document En completes before the end of intermediate synchronic document En-1.

Whenever applicable, constraints are specified relative to Root Container Region dimensions, allowing subtitle sequences to be authored independently of Related Video Object resolution.

To enable scenarios where the same glyphs are used in multiple successive intermediate synchronic documents, e.g. to convey a CEA-608/708-style roll-up (see [[CEA-608]] and [[CEA-708]]), the Glyph Buffers Gn and Gn-1 store rendered glyphs across intermediate synchronic documents, allowing glyphs to be copied into the Presentation Buffer instead of rendered, a more costly operation.

Similarly, Decoded Image Buffers Dn and Dn-1 store decoded images across intermediate synchronic documents, allowing images to be copied into the Presentation Buffer instead of decoded.

General

The Presentation Compositor SHALL render in Presentation Buffer Pn each successive intermediate synchronic document En using the following steps in order:

  1. clear the pixels, except for the first intermediate synchronic document E0 for the which the pixels of P0 SHALL be assumed to have been cleared;
  2. paint, according to stacking order, all background pixels for each region;
  3. paint all pixels for background colors associated with text or image subtitle content; and
  4. paint the text or image subtitle content.

The Presentation Compositor SHALL start rendering En:

The duration DUR(En) for painting an intermediate synchronic document En in the Presentation Buffer Pn SHALL be:

DUR(En) = S(En) / BDraw + DURT(En) + DURI(En)

where

The contents of the Presentation Buffer Pn SHALL be transferred instantaneously to Presentation Buffer Pn-1 at the presentation time of intermediate synchronic document En, making the latter available for display.

It is possible for the contents of Presentation Buffer Pn-1 to never be displayed. This can happen if Presentation Buffer Pn is copied twice to Presentation Buffer Pn-1 between two consecutive video frame boundaries of the Related Video Object.

It SHALL be an error for the Presentation Compositor to fail to complete painting pixels for En before the presentation time of En.

It SHALL be an error if the total retrieved font size exceeds 10 MiB.

Unless specified otherwise, the following table SHALL specify values for IPD and BDraw.

Parameter Initial value
Initial Painting Delay (IPD) 1 s
Normalized background drawing performance factor (BDraw) 12 s-1

BDraw effectively sets a limit on fillings regions - for example, assuming that the Root Container Region is ultimately rendered at 1920×1080 resolution, a BDraw of 12 s-1 would correspond to a fill rate of 1920×1080×12/s=23.7×220pixels s-1.

IPD effectively sets a limit on the complexity of any given intermediate synchronic document.

Paint Regions

The total normalized drawing area S(En) for intermediate synchronic document En SHALL be

S(En) = CLEAR(En) + PAINT(En )

where CLEAR(E0) = 0 and CLEAR(En | n > 0) = 1, i.e. the Root Container Region in its entirety.

To ensure consistency of the Presentation Buffer, a new intermediate synchronic document requires clearing of the Root Container Region.

PAINT(En) SHALL be the normalized area to be painted for all regions that are used in intermediate synchronic document En according to:

PAINT(En) = ∑Ri∈Rp NSIZE(Ri) ∙ NBG(Ri)

where R_p SHALL be the set of presented regions in the intermediate synchronic document En.

NSIZE(Ri) SHALL be given by:

NSIZE(Ri) = (width of Ri ∙ height of Ri ) ÷ (Root Container Region height ∙ Root Container Region width)

NBG(Ri) SHALL be the total number of tts:backgroundColor attributes associated with the given region Ri in the intermediate synchronic document. A tts:backgroundColor attribute is associated with a region when it is explicitly specified (either as an attribute in the element, or by reference to a declared style) in the following circumstances:

Even if a specified tts:backgroundColor is the same as specified on the nearest ancestor content element or animation element, specifying any tts:backgroundColor SHALL require an additional fill operation for all region pixels.

Paint Images

The Presentation Compositor SHALL paint into the Presentation Buffer Pn all visible pixels of presented images of intermediate synchronic document En.

For each presented image, the Presentation Compositor SHALL either:

Two images SHALL be identical if and only if they reference the same encoded image source.

The duration DURI(En) for painting images of an intermediate synchronic document En in the Presentation Buffer SHALL be as follows:

DURI(En) = ∑Ii ∈ Ic NRGA(Ii) / ICpy + ∑Ij ∈ Id NSIZ(Ij) / IDec

where

NRGA(Ii) is the Normalized Image Area of presented image Ii and SHALL be equal to:

NRGA(Ii)= (width of Ii ∙ height of Ii ) ÷ ( Root Container Region height ∙ Root Container Region width )

NSIZ(Ii) SHALL be the number of pixels of presented image Ii.

The contents of the Decoded Image Buffer Dn SHALL be transferred instantaneously to Decoded Image Buffer Dn-1 at the presentation time of intermediate synchronic document En.

The total size occupied by images stored in Decoded Image Buffers Dn or Dn-1 SHALL be the sum of their Normalized Image Area.

The size of Decoded Image Buffers Dn or Dn-1 SHALL be the Normalized Decoded Image Buffer Size (NDIBS).

Unless specified otherwise, the following table SHALL specify ICpy, IDec, and NDBIS.

Parameter Initial value
Normalized image copy performance factor (ICpy) 6
Image Decoding rate (IDec) 1 × 220 pixels s-1
Normalized Decoded Image Buffer Size (NDIBS) 0.9885

Paint Text

In the context of this section, a glyph is a tuple consisting of (i) one character and (ii) the computed values of the following style properties:

While one-to-one mapping between characters and typographical glyphs is generally the rule in some scripts, e.g. latin script, it is the exception in others. For instance, in arabic script, a character can yield multiple glyphs depending on its position in a word. The Hypothetical Render Model always assumes a one-to-one mapping, but reduces the performance of the glyph buffer for scripts where one-to-one mapping is not the general rule (see GCpy below).

For each glyph associated with a character in a presented region of intermediate synchronic document En, the Presentation Compositor SHALL:

In the case of external data resource retrieved using [[HTTP11]], the size in bytes of the external data resource is the entity-length of the message.

Example of Presentation Compositor Behavior for Text Rendering
Example of Presentation Compositor Behavior for Text Rendering

The duration DURT(En) for rendering the text of an intermediate synchronic document En in the Presentation Buffer is as follows:

DURT(En) = ∑gi ∈ Γr NRGA(gi) / Ren(gi) + ∑gj ∈ Γc NRGA(gj) / GCpy

where

The Normalized Rendered Glyph Area NRGA(gi) of a glyph gi SHALL be equal to:

NRGA(gi) = (fontSize of gi as percentage of Root Container Region height)2

NRGA(Gi) does not take into account decorations (e.g. underline), effects (e.g. outline) or actual typographical glyph aspect ratio. An implementation can determine an actual buffer size needs based on worst-case glyph size complexity.

The contents of the Glyph Buffer Gn SHALL be copied instantaneously to Glyph Buffer Gn-1 at the presentation time of intermediate synchronic document En.

It SHALL be an error for the sum of NRGA(gi) over all glyphs Glyph Buffer Gn to be larger than the Normalized Glyph Buffer Size (NGBS).

Unless specified otherwise, the following table specifies values of GCpy, Ren and NGBS.

Normalized glyph copy performance factor (GCpy)
Script property (see Standard Annex #24 at [[!UNICODE]]) for the character of gi GCpy
latin, greek, cyrillic, hebrew or base 12
any other value 3
Text rendering performance factor Ren(Gi)
Block property (see [[!UNICODE]]) for the character of gi Ren(Gi)
CJK Unified Ideograph 0.6
any other value 1.2
Normalized Glyph Buffer Size (NGBS)
1

The choice of font by the presentation processor can increase rendering complexity. For instance, a cursive font can generally result in a given character yielding different typographical glyphs depending on context, even if latin script is used.

Reference Fonts

Computed Font Family Code Points Reference Font
monospaceSerif All code points specified in Courier New or Liberation Mono
proportionalSansSerif All code points specified in , excluding the code points defined for Hebrew and Arabic scripts. Arial or Helvetica or Liberation Sans

Forced content

below illustrates the use of forced content, i.e. itts:forcedDisplay and displayForcedOnlyMode. The content with itts:forcedDisplay="true" is the French translation of the "High School" sign. The content with itts:forcedDisplay="false" are French subtitles capturing a voiceover.

Illustration of the use of itts:forcedDisplay
Illustration of the use of itts:forcedDisplay

When the user selects French as the playback language but does not select French subtitles, displayForcedOnlyMode is set to "true", causing the display of the sign translation, which is useful to any French speaker, but hiding the voiceover subtitles as the voiceover is heard in French.

If the user selects French as the playback language and also selects French subtitles, e.g. if the user is hard-of-hearing, displayForcedOnlyMode is set to "false", causing the display of both the sign translation and the voiceover subtitles.

The algorithm for setting the displayForcedOnlyMode parameter and selecting the appropriate combination of subtitle and audio tracks depends on the application.

WCAG and MAUR Considerations

WCAG Considerations

Success Criterion 1.1.1 Non-text Content

Success Criterion 1.1.1 at [[!WCAG21]] specifies that, with some exceptions, all non-text content that is presented to the user has a text alternative that serves the equivalent purpose.

As such, when an Image Profile Document Instance is made available to a consumer, a corresponding Text Profile Document Instance SHOULD simultaneously be offered and associated with the Image Profile Document Instance such that, when image content is encountered, assistive technologies have access to its text alternative. The method by which this association is made is left to each application.

In the context of this specification, text alternative is intended primarily to support users of the subtitles who cannot see images (the non-text content). Since the images of an Image Profile Document Instance usually represent subtitle or caption text, the guidelines of Text that has been rendered to a graphic for typographical effect at [[!HTML]] are appropriate.

Thus, for each subtitle in an Image Profile Document Instance, text alternative content in a Text Profile Document Instance SHOULD be written so that it conveys all essential content and fulfills the same function as the corresponding subtitle image. In the context of subtitling and captioning, this content will be (as a minimum) the verbatim equivalent of the image without précis or summarization. However, the author MAY include extra information to the text alternative in cases where styling is applied to the text image with a deliberate connotation, as a functional replacement for the applied style.

During authoring, the altText named metadata item can be used to associate a simple text string with an image to, for example:

Success Criterion 1.4.3 Contrast (Minimum)

Success Criterion 1.4.3 at [[!WCAG21]] specifies that, with some exceptions, the visual presentation of text and images of text has a contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1.

In the context of Text Profile, this is achieved by specifying appropriate foreground and background colors.

Success Criterion 1.4.12 Text Spacing

Success Criterion 1.4.12 at [[!WCAG21]] specifies that no loss of content or functionality occur when spacing of lines, letters, words and paragraphs is modified by a specified amount.

In the context of this specification, this is achieved by specifying an appropriate combination of style properties to achieve the desired line height, font size, region extent, etc.

Success Criteria 3.1.1 Language of Page and 3.1.2 Language of Parts

Success Criteria 3.1.1 and 3.1.2 at [[!WCAG21]] specify that the human language of each passage or phrase in the content can be programmatically determined.

In the context of this specification, this is achieved by specifying xml:lang.

MAUR Considerations

Authors and implementers are encouraged to consult [[media-accessibility-reqs]], which presents accessibility requirements users with disabilities have with respect to audio and video on the web.

Sample Document Instance

The following sample Document Instances conforms to the Text Profile and Image Profile, respectively. These samples are for illustration only, and are neither intended to capture current or future practice, nor exercise all normative prose contained in this specification.


    

  

Extensions

General

The following sections define extension designations, expressed as relative URIs (fragment identifiers) relative to the IMSC Extension Namespace base URI.

#progressivelyDecodable

The #progressivelyDecodable feature is designated as permitted-deprecated in the profiles defined by this specification.

A transformation processor supports the #progressivelyDecodable feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming values of the ittp:progressivelyDecodable attribute.

A presentation processor supports the #progressivelyDecodable feature if it implements presentation semantic support for values of the ittp:progressivelyDecodable attribute.

#aspectRatio

The #aspectRatio feature is designated as permitted-deprecated in the profiles defined by this specification. The #displayAspectRatio feature provides equivalent semantics.

A transformation processor supports the #aspectRatio feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming values of the ittp:aspectRatio attribute.

A presentation processor supports the #aspectRatio feature if it implements presentation semantic support for values of the ittp:aspectRatio attribute.

#forcedDisplay

A transformation processor supports the #forcedDisplay feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming values of the itts:forcedDisplay attribute.

A presentation processor supports the #forcedDisplay feature if it implements presentation semantic support for values of the itts:forcedDisplay attribute.

#altText

The #altText feature is designated as permitted-deprecated in the profiles defined by this specification. The altText named metadata item provides equivalent semantics.

A transformation processor supports the #altText feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming values of the ittm:altText element.

A presentation processor supports the #altText feature if it implements presentation semantic support for values of the ittm:altText element.

#linePadding

A transformation processor supports the #linePadding feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming values of the ebutts:linePadding attribute specified in [[!EBU-TT-D]].

A presentation processor supports the #linePadding feature if it implements presentation semantic support for values of the ebutts:linePadding attribute specified in [[!EBU-TT-D]].

#multiRowAlign

A transformation processor supports the #multiRowAlign feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming values of the ebutts:multiRowAlign attribute specified in [[!EBU-TT-D]].

A presentation processor supports the #multiRowAlign feature if it implements presentation semantic support for values of the ebutts:multiRowAlign attribute specified in [[!EBU-TT-D]].

#activeArea

A transformation processor supports the #activeArea feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming values of the ittp:activeArea attribute.

A presentation processor supports the #activeArea feature if it implements presentation semantic support for values of the ittp:activeArea attribute.

#fillLineGap

A transformation processor supports the #fillLineGap feature if it recognizes and is capable of transforming values of the itts:fillLineGap attribute.

A presentation processor supports the #fillLineGap feature if it implements presentation semantic support for values of the itts:fillLineGap attribute.

XML Schema Definitions

XML Schema definitions (see [[xmlschema-1]]) for extension vocabulary defined by this specification are provided here for convenience.

These definitions are non-normative and are not sufficient to validate conformance of a Document Instance.

In any case where a definition specified by this appendix diverge from the prose of the specification, then the latter takes precedence.

Extensibility Objectives

This section documents extensibility objectives for this specification.

This specification is intended to allow:

Compatibility with other TTML-based specifications

Overview

This specification is designed to be compatible with [[ttml-imsc1]], [[ttml-imsc1.0.1]], [[SMPTE2052-1]], [[EBU-TT-D]] and [[ttml10-sdp-us]]. Specifically, by selecting a subset of the features and extensions defined in this specification, it is possible to create a document that:

This specification is also intended to allow straightforward conversion of a document that conforms to the text or image profiles of [[CFF]] to the Text Profile or Image Profile, respectively.

EBU-TT-D

The Text Profile is a strict syntactic superset of [[EBU-TT-D]].

A document that conforms to [[EBU-TT-D]] therefore generally also conforms to the Text Profile, with a few exceptions, including:

The profile vocabulary defined in [[ttml2]] is prohibited by [[EBU-TT-D]]. Instead, as specified in [[EBU-TT-M]], multiple ebuttm:conformsToStandard elements are optionally present in the metadata element of the head element, with each ebuttm:conformsToStandard indicating conformance to a specification, including other versions of this specification.

Conformance to a [[ttml-imsc1.0.1]] profile can be indicated as defined in [[ttml-imsc1.0.1]], by including an additional ebuttm:conformsToStandard element whose value is equal to the designator of the [[ttml-imsc1.0.1]] profile to which the Document Instance conforms.

It is not possible for a document that conforms to [[EBU-TT-D]] to also conform to Image Profile, and vice-versa, notwithstanding the special case where the document also conforms to Text Profile as noted at .

The following is an example of a document that conforms to Text Profile, [[ttml-imsc1.0.1]] Text Profile and [[EBU-TT-D]]. Note the presence of multiple ebuttm:conformsToStandard elements, one of which equals the Text Profile designator:


SDP-US

The Text Profile is a strict syntactic superset of [[ttml10-sdp-us]].

A document that conforms to [[ttml10-sdp-us]] therefore also generally conforms to the Text Profile, with a few exceptions, including:

It is not possible for a document that conforms to [[ttml10-sdp-us]] to also conform to Image Profile, and vice-versa, notwithstanding the special case where the document also conforms to Text Profile as noted at .

As an illustration, Example 3 at [[ttml10-sdp-us]] conforms to both Text Profile and [[ttml10-sdp-us]].

SMPTE-TT (SMPTE ST 2052-1)

[[SMPTE2052-1]] specifies the use of the DFXP Full Profile (see Appendix F.3 at [[ttml2]]) supplemented by a number of extensions, including http://www.smpte-ra.org/schemas/2052-1/2010/smpte-tt#image.

This specification defines practical constraints on [[SMPTE2052-1]], supplemented by extensions defined herein and selected [[ttml2]] features. These constraints and extensions are intended to reflect industry practice.

As a result, particular care is required when creating a document intended to be processed according to [[SMPTE2052-1]], and Text Profile or Image Profile. In particular:

The following is an example of a document that conforms to both Text Profile and [[SMPTE2052-1]]:


    

CFF-TT

This specification was derived from the text and image profiles specified in Section 6 at [[CFF]], and is intended to be a superset in terms of capabilities. Additional processing is however generally necessary to convert a document from [[CFF]] to this specification. In particular:

Previous versions of IMSC

The Text Profile is a strict superset of the [[ttml-imsc1]], [[ttml-imsc1.0.1]] and [[ttml-imsc1.1]] Text Profile.

The Image Profile is a strict superset of the [[ttml-imsc1]], [[ttml-imsc1.0.1]] and [[ttml-imsc1.1]] Image Profile.

A document that conforms to [[ttml-imsc1]] or [[ttml-imsc1.0.1]] or [[ttml-imsc1.1]] therefore also conforms to this specification.

A number of features that were previously permitted in previous versions of IMSC are designated as permitted-deprecated in the Text Profile and Image Profile. Documents that use such features are therefore susceptible to being incompatible with future versions of this specification.

The following is an example of a document that conforms to both Image Profile and [[ttml-imsc1.0.1]] Image Profile:

      
      


      

Acknowledgements

The editor acknowledges the current and former members of the Timed Text Working Group, the members of other W3C Working Groups, and industry experts in other forums who have contributed directly or indirectly to the process or content of this document.

The editor wishes to especially acknowledge the following contributions by members: Glenn Adams, Skynav; John Birch, Invited expert; Mike Dolan, Invited expert; Nigel Megitt, British Broadcasting Corporation; Thierry Michel, W3C; Andreas Tai, Institut für Rundfunktechnik; Stefan Pöschel, Institut für Rundfunktechnik.

The editor also wishes to acknowledge Digital Entertainment Content Ecosystem (DECE) for contributing to the initial document for the Member Submission.

Privacy and Security Considerations

With the exception of the following, the security and privacy considerations of [[ttml2]] apply:

Summary of substantive changes

Overview

This appendix summarizes changes made from [[ttml-imsc1.1]].

Changes

Reference to WCAG 2.1

Replaced normative references to [[WCAG20-20081211]] with normative references to [[WCAG21]].

Region Extent

In the Text Profile, and as specified at , the specified value of the tts:extent style property of a region element can be set using any style association mechanism, e.g. nested styling.

Text Profile Designator

Revised the Text Profile designator.

Added Features

Added support (partial or complete) for the following features.

Relative to the TT Feature namespace
#font
#resources
#source

Deprecated Features

None