This specification, developed by [W3C OpenTrack Community Group](http://www.w3.org/community/opentrack/), introduces a data model to support the publication of Athletics data on the Web. This document defines the main concepts and relations of Athletics competitions, including competitors and their results, enabling a common representation of information in this sector.

The Open Athletics model is mapped to existing standards, including BBC Sports Ontology [[SPORT-ONT]], Schema.org [[SCHEMA-ORG]], [[QUDT-SPACETIME]] types and properties. The resulting Open Athletics Vocabulary is a lightweight schema aiming at identifying, defining and exposing data on the Web.

This model and vocabulary is in process of development.

Introduction

This section describes the conceptual model for Open Athletics. As described in the charter, this model describes data related to Athletics competitions including: Track and Field; Road Running; Race Walking; Cross-Country Running; Mountain Running; and trail Running disciplines.

This model will be focus on Athletics competitions, having into account: events; athletes and teams; results; performances; management of start lists; results; and facilities.

This document specifies the model in an abstract way and its implementation using the concrete vocabulary, a lightweight schema, based on RDF Schema [[RDF-SCHEMA]] and Schema.org [[SCHEMA-ORG]]. Opentrack vocabulary defines the main concepts and relations about Athletics competitions and competitors, enabling a common representation of information in this realm. Data should be available in a standard format, reachable and manageable by Semantic Web tools.

With the objective of a wide use of this model, the schema is very flexible and all examples will be expressed in JSON-LD format. Along with the vocabulary, there is a specific JSON-LD context that will ease the adoption of the vocabulary, even for those who don not have deep knowledge of the Semantic Web.

No section should be considered final, and the absence of any content does not imply that such content is out of scope, or may not appear in the future. If you feel something should be covered, please tell us.

Structure of this document

This specification is divided into four main sections:

  1. Introduction - this introductory part;
  2. How to - How to use the model and describe resources using Open Athletics and JSON-LD;
  3. Concepts - describes the key entities and their attributes, including the concrete data model;
  4. Classification Schemas - lists of taxonomies and value schemas related to Athletics.

Background

Open Athletics descriptions need homogeneous classes, properties and data types to specify values of properties. This work is based on existing requirements, and the rules set up by the IAAF [[IAAF-RULES]] and by WMA [[WMA-RULES]].

Open Athletics vocabulary is aligned with other existing schemas and ontologies focused on sports, such as: Sport Ontology [[SPORT-ONT]], IPTC SportsML [[SPORTSML]] and Schema.org [[SCHEMA-ORG]].

This specification makes use of the compact IRI Syntax; please refer to the Compact IRIs from [[JSON-LD]].

This specification makes use of the following namespaces:

The domain of this specification is Athletics (http://dbpedia.org/resource/Sport_of_athletics).

Typographical Conventions

The following typographic conventions are used in this specification:

Notes are in light green boxes with a green left border and with a "Note" header in green. Notes are normative or informative depending on the whether they are in a normative or informative section, respectively. 
Examples are in light khaki boxes, with khaki left border, and with a
numbered "Example" header in khaki. Examples are always informative.
The content of the example is in monospace font and may be syntax colored.

How to use Open Athletics with JSON-LD

With the objective of a wide use of this model, the schema is very flexible and all examples will be expressed in [[JSON-LD]] format. Along with the vocabulary, there is a specific [[JSON-LD]] context that will ease the adoption of the vocabulary, even for those who don not have deep knowledge of the Semantic Web.

This section includes introductory information for those who are not familiar with the semantic technologies.

The Opentrack model is expressed under the RDF paradigm (a graph-oriented representation), so there is more than one format to represent (serialize) the graph of information: RDF/XML, turtle, RDFa, etc. Examples will be represented in JSON-LD, a JSON-based syntax easy to adopt.

In order to ease the adoption of this set of technologies, this document includes several recipes to help developers publish and reuse Athletics information through these mechanisms.

Terminology

See JSON-LD Best Practices for more information.

Filename extension, MIME type and encoding

Basic JSON-LD concepts

To illustrate the basic concepts of this Opentrack JSON-LD representation we will use a simple example with the description of an athlete:

{
    "@context" : "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/contexts/opentrack.jsonld",
    "@id" : "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/examples/athlete/001Farah.jsonld",
    "@type" : "Athlete",
    "name" : "Mohamed Muktar Jama Farah",
    "familyName" : "Farah",
    "givenName" : "Mohamed Muktar Jama",
    "alternateName" : "Mo Farah",
    "url" : "http://www.mofarah.com",
    "gender" : "Male" ,
    "birthDate" : "1983-04-23",
    "image" : "https://example.com/260px-MoPodiumRio2016.png",
    "club" : "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/examples/club/NEB.jsonld"
}

There are there keywords that should be always included in our documents: @context, @type and @id. The rest of the properties are optional.

In case a property value is unknown, the pair key:value will be omitted.

@context

RDF resources (concepts, classes, properties, etc.) are identified by IRIs. For instance, the property name used in the example above is identified by http://schema.org/name. JSON-LD contexts define keys used within the document can have unambigious meaning, as they bind to the IRIs which describe their meaning.

By specifying

    "@context" : "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/contexts/opentrack.jsonld"

we indicate the context of the document, that is defined in the linked document. So we can use the keys of the context as a simplification for the representation.

@type

@type indicates the class of the resource being described. In this example, the resource is an Athlete (the context maps Athlete to the IRI http://purl.org/athletics#Athlete, but we don't care about this now).

  • We should include always the type to the object we are describing.
  • In case the resource would have more than a type, several types may be specified within an array:
    "@type" : [ "Athlete", "Coach" ]

@id

@id is used to uniquely identify entities or resources through IRIs.

When dereferencing an entity related via a URL, the location should provide a representation of that entity.

    "@id" : "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/examples/athlete/001Farah.jsonld"

This example describes an Athlete that is identified as http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/examples/athlete/001Farah.jsonld. The web address will provide information about the entity (the same that is being described in the example). Having these identifiers we will be able to refer this entity from other entity descriptions or documents.

Using this mechanism, we can enrich descriptions just linking our descriptions with other IRIs that already identify resources. For instance, the athlete is affiliated to a club:

    "club" : { "@id" : "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/examples/club/NEB.jsonld" }

That club (identified by http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/examples/club/NEB.jsonld) is described in the same way.

There may be exceptions of JSON-LD objects that do not have @ids associated. We should avoid this case unless we are sure the object defined is useful only in the context of the current description (i.e., no reusable in future descriptions).

Property values

Properties that describe resources may have values of different nature:

Literals

Some properties only may have Literals as value:

Texts:

    "alternateName" : "Mo Farah"

Dates:

    "birthDate" : "1983-04-23"

Integers:

    "age" : 25
Predefined Values (enumerations)

Some properties may have Enumerations as value:

For instance, gender should only take one possible value (either Male or Female).

    "gender" : "Male"

In this case, the potential values are expressed in the context as aliases, so we can use Male instead of http://schema.org/Male.

Objects

As shown above, a resource identified by an IRI may be used as value of a property.

In case the resource is already identified (and described) we can link it directly:

    "club" : { "@id" : "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/examples/club/NEB.jsonld" }

Otherwise we can describe that resource nested in the main object:

    "club" : {
        "@id" : "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/examples/club/NEB.jsonld",
        "@type": "Club",
        "name": "Newham & Essex Beagles",
        "alternateName": "BeaglesAC",
        "url": "http://www.newhamandessexbeagles.co.uk/",
        "logo": "http://example.org/logo.png",
        "telephone": "(+44) 020 7511 6463",
        "faxNumber": "(+44) 020 7511 4477",
        "address": {
            "name": "Terence McMillan Stadium - Newham Leisure Centre",
            "streetAddress": "281 Prince Regent Lane",
            "addressLocality": "London",
            "postalCode": "E13 8SD",
            "addressCountry": "countrycode:GBR"
        }
    }

See in the previous example that we can include descriptions of other entities nested (i.e., postal address).

Arrays

Most of the properties may be repeated to describe the same resource. For instance, the athlete may be affiliated to two clubs:

    "club" : { "@id" : "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/examples/club/NEB.jsonld" },
    "club" : { "@id" : "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/examples/club/NOP.jsonld" }
Or: 
    "club" : 
        [ 
            { "@id" : "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/examples/club/NEB.jsonld" },
            { "@id" : "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/examples/club/NOP.jsonld" }
        ]

Multilingual Descriptions

String properties may include information about its language, so we can include several representations of the same information in different languages.

The property will include information about the textual information using a complex object with two keys: @value and @language. @value contains the string, and @language the tag identifying the language (using Lenguage Tags). 

{
    "@type" : "Place",
    "name" : {
        "@value": "Berlin Olympic Stadium",
        "@language": "en"
    },
    "name": {
        "@value": "Olympiastadion Berlin",
        "@language": "de"
    }
}

Typed Objects

All JSON-LD objects should have a @type explicitly indicating the class of the resource. The Opentrack vocabulary includes several classes that can be used, but also other external vocabularies may be used.

Classes may be described hierarchically to express differences in the model. For instance, Opentrack defines different types of competitions, with Competition as the core entity that defines a generic competitive sports event. Competition has several subclasses: Multi Stage Competition, Divisional Competition, Multi Round Competition, Multidiscipline Competition and Unit Competition. This means that instances of these subclasses will be also considered a Competition.

Overview of the model

The model is related to the competition management in Athletics. By using this model systems will be able to describe, collect, process, store and publish Athletics information.

In order to represent properly the model, the work was divided in three parts:

  1. Competition Calendar: High-level representation of competitions, seen as sports events for competitors and the public in general.
  2. Stakeholders: athletes and organizations that take part in the competition; and
  3. In-Competition management. Description of all parts within a competition (structure, heats, results, etc).

Competition Calendar

Competition Calendar Conceptual Model
High-Level Competition Conceptual Model
Competition
Competitions are organized occasions where Athletics events are planed and take place at a specific location during a period of time. Most Athletics events are part of a bigger meeting, or competition (sub events and super events). These competitions can be organized periodically (Competition Series), such as the Summer Olympic Games. These events may have of different nature, depending on the disciplines, schedule, competitors, and scope (e.g., championships tournaments, leagues, fund-raising road races, etc.).
Venue
Place or location where events and competitions are held.
Category
Specific category, or intended competitive audience, within an event (e.g., Senior Men, U18 Women, etc.).

Competitors

Competitor Conceptual Model
Competitor Conceptual Model
Athlete
Person who takes part in Athletics events as individual competitor. Athletes are defined by gender, age, nationality, and other personal information.
Sports Team
A group of people who takes part in a competition as a whole, competing against other groups of people. Both athletes and teams can be affiliated to Organizations such as clubs, schools, university, and/or federations.
Governing Body
Sports Governing Bodies in charge of governing and rule Athletics in specific territories. Athletics Federations are Sports Governing Bodies that may be attached to other higher-level federations. Athletes, Teams, Clubs and other Organizations may be attached to Governing Bodies.

Competitions

Competition Conceptual Model
Athletics in-competition model
Competition
Athletics competitions may divided in several (sub)events such as in Summer Olympic Games that include 24 independent event disciplines for men and 23 for women); they may include several stages like the Diamond League); also competitions may be composed of several disciplines.
Competitor
Competitor is the action of taking part in a competition. Competitor is either an athletes or a team that take part in an Athletics event, identified by specific information such as bib number, and best performance for the specific discipline of the event. This entry information is relative to the competition and relevant for Results.
Results
Results is a list of competitors (entries in the competition) with their Performances after an event or a concrete round. It serves as ranking for each stage of the competition. Result list items will include information about the impact of the performance in the competition (i.e., records, disqualifications, competition 'under protest', etc.).
Performance
Resulting competitor's accomplishment recognized by judges after a competition round. Measurements depend on the type of discipline (i.e., running performances are measured as time, jumps and throws are measured in centimetres). It may include information about the conditions in which competitor got the performance (e.g., wind speed).

See below all the concepts and their attributes explained in detail, including the specific class and properties that serve to describe Athletics resources. Concepts include examples of implementation.

Concepts

Athlete

An Athlete is a Person who participates in Athletics events.

Key Property Description Value Type
identifier schema:identifier Unique character string to identify a person as an athlete. Text
name schema:name Athlete's full name. Text
familyName schema:familyName Athlete's family name; surname. Text
givenName schema:givenName Athlete's given name; first name. Text
prevFamilyName ath:previousFamilyName Athlete's former family name; surname. Text
prevGivenName ath:previousGivenName Athlete's former given name; first name. Text
alternateName schema:alternateName An alias to name an athlete. Text
address schema:address Main residence address of an athlete. Postal Address or Text
image schema:image Picture of an athlete. URL
email schema:email Email address. Text
url schema:url Webpage URL about an athlete. URL
award schema:award Award or prize given to an athlete. Text
gender schema:gender Athlete's gender. Gender Type
height schema:height Athlete's height. Distance
weight schema:weight Athlete's weight. Mass
nationality schema:nationality Athlete's nationality. Country
birthDate schema:birthDate Date of birth. Date
deathDate schema:deathDate Date of death. Date
birthPlace schema:birthPlace Locality and country of birth (e.g. "Tallinn, Estonia") Place
coach schema:coach Athlete's main coach. Person
sponsor schema:sponsor Athlete's sponsor. Person or Organization
affiliation schema:affiliation Organization (Sports Club, Sports Governing Body, school, university, etc.) which an athlete is affiliated to. Organization
memberOf schema:memberOf Team which an athlete is part of (for instance, a National Team). Sports Team
performance ath:sportsPerformance Athlete's records and best performances. Performance
captainOf ath:captainOf Team which an athlete is captain of. Sports Team 
{
    "@context": "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/contexts/opentrack.jsonld",
    "@id" : "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/examples/athlete/001Farah.jsonld",
    "@type" : "Athlete",
    "name" : "Mohamed Muktar Jama Farah",
    "familyName" : "Farah",
    "givenName" : "Mohamed Muktar Jama",
    "alternateName" : "Mo Farah",
    "url" : "http://www.mofarah.com",
    "gender" : "Male" ,
    "image" : "https://example.com/260px-MoPodiumRio2016.png",
    "nationality" : "countrycode:GBR",
    "email" : "fakeemail@example.com",
    "height" : {
        "@type" : "QuantitativeValue",
        "value" : "1.75",
        "unitCode" : "MTR"
    },
    "weight" : {
        "@type" : "QuantitativeValue",
        "value" : "65.0",
        "unitCode" : "KGM"
    },
    "birthPlace" : "Mogadishu, Somalia" ,
    "birthDate" : "1983-04-23",
    "coach" : {
        "@type" : "Person",
        "name" : "Alberto Salazar"
    },
    "sponsor" : {
        "@type" : "Organization",
        "name" : "Nike Oregon Project",
        "url" : "https://nikeoregonproject.com"         
    },
    "affiliation" : 
        [
            { "@id" : "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/examples/club/NEB.jsonld" },
            { "@id" : "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/examples/club/NOP.jsonld" }
        ],
    "memberOf" : 
        [
            { "@id" : "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/examples/team/GBR2012.jsonld" },
            { "@id" : "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/examples/team/GBR2016.jsonld" }
        ],
    "affiliation" :
        [
           { "@id" : "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/examples/federation/GBR.jsonld" },
           { "@id" : "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/examples/federation/USATF.jsonld" }
        ],
    "bestPerformance" :
        [
           { "@id" : "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/examples/performance/001Farah.jsonld#HMarathon" },
           { "@id" : "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/examples/performance/001Farah.jsonld#1500m" },
           { "@id" : "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/examples/performance/001Farah.jsonld#3000m" }
        ]
}

Sports Team

A Sports Team is a group of Athletes who play a particular sport or game together against other similar groups of people. In Athletics there are certain events designed for teams competition (e.g., relay races). Teams in those competitions may be composed of Athletes affiliated to the same or different organization, representing a federation (national, regional team), or just a joint of independent athletes.

Key Property Description Value Type
identifier schema:identifier Unique character string to identify a team. Text
name schema:name Descriptive name of a team. Text
alternateName schema:alternateName An alias to name a team. Text
image schema:image Picture of a team. URL
logo schema:logo Logo or flag of a team. URL
url schema:url Webpage URL about a team. URL
memberOf schema:memberOf Organization (federation, club, school, etc.) which a team is attached to. Organization
nationality schema:location Teams's location represented by its country. Country
sponsor schema:sponsor Sponsor of a team. Person or Organization
coach schema:coach Person who acts as coach for a team. Person
sportsPerformance ath:sportsPerformance Record and/or best performance of a team (e.g., relay competition best). Performance
captain ath:captain Athlete, leader of a team. Athlete
athlete schema:athlete Athlete affiliated to a team. Athlete
Netherlands national team as 4x100 competitor
Definition of a national team as competitor in a 4x100
Team of a club with several athletes
Definition of a club forming a team for Ekiden

Description of a national team:

{
    "@context": "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/contexts/opentrack.jsonld",
    "@id" : "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/examples/team/GBR2016.jsonld",
    "@type" : "Team",
    "name" : "Great Britain National Team - Olympic Games 2016",
    "alternateName" : "GBR",
    "nationality" : "countrycode:GBR",
    "memberOf" : { "@id" : "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/examples/federation/GBR.jsonld" },
    "athlete" : [
        { "@id" : "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/examples/athlete/001Farah.jsonld" },
        { "@id" : "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/examples/athlete/002Butchart.jsonld" },
        { "@id" : "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/examples/athlete/004Athlete4.jsonld" },
        { "@id" : "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/examples/athlete/005Athlete5.jsonld" },
        { "@id" : "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/examples/athlete/006Athlete6.jsonld" },
        { "@id" : "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/examples/athlete/006Athlete7.jsonld" }
    ],
    "captain" :  { "@id" : http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/examples/athlete/001Farah.jsonld" }
}

Person

A Person is a basic entity to represent a human. A person may play one or more roles (i.e., athlete, coach, organizer, official, etc.).

Key Property Description Value Type
identifier schema:identifier Unique character string to identify a person. Text
name schema:name Person's full name. Text
familyName schema:familyName Person's family name; surname. Text
givenName schema:givenName Person's given name; first name. Text
alternateName schema:alternateName An alias to name a person. Text
address schema:address Main residence address of a person. Postal Address or Text
image schema:image Picture of a person. URL
email schema:email Email address of a person. Text
url schema:url Webpage URL about a person. URL 
{
    "@type" : "Person",
    "name" : "Alberto Salazar"
}

Organization

An Organization is a basic entity to represent a organized group of people with a particular purpose (i.e., private company, public body, association, etc.).

Key Property Description Value Type
identifier schema:identifier Unique character string to identify an organization. Text
name schema:name Name of an organization. Text
alternateName schema:altenateName An alias to name an organization. Text
address schema:address Postal address where an organization is located. Postal Address or Text
email schema:email Main email address of an organization. Text
url schema:url Webpage URL about an organization. URL
telephone schema:telephone Main telephone number(s) of an organization. Text
areaServed schema:areaServed Spatial coverage of an organization, usually administrative areas (city, region, country, etc.) Place, Country or Continent
memberOf schema:memberOf Organization, such as higher-level federation(s), to which an organization is attached to. Organization
member schema:member Person or organization attached to an organization. Person or Organization

Sports Club

A Sports Club, sport club or athletics club, is an Organization for Athletes formed for the purpose of playing sports. Clubs may have different Teams created for specific competitions, such as leagues, relay races, etc.

  • Class: Club (schema:SportsClub)
  • subClassOf: schema:Organization
Key Property Description Value Type
identifier schema:identifier Unique character string to identify a club. Text
name schema:name Descriptive name of a club. Text
alternateName schema:alternateName An alias to name a club. Text
address schema:address Main postal address where a club is registered or located. Postal Address or Text
image schema:image Picture of a club. URL
logo schema:logo Logo or flag of the club. URL
email schema:email Main email address of the club. Text
telephone schema:telephone Telephone number of a club Text
faxNumber schema:faxNumber Fax number of a club Text
url schema:url Club's homepage. URL
dissolutionDate schema:dissolutionDate Date when a team was dissolved. Date
foundingDate schema:foundingDate Date when a team was established. Date
organization schema:memberOf Organization which a club is attached to. Organization
sponsor schema:sponsor Sponsor of a club. Person or Organization
athlete schema:athlete Athlete who is affiliated to a club. Athlete
team schema:member Sports Team attached to a club. Sports Team 
{
    "@context": "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/contexts/opentrack.jsonld",
    "@id" : "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/examples/club/NEB.jsonld",
    "@type" : "Club",
    "name": "Newham & Essex Beagles",
    "alternateName": "BeaglesAC",
    "url": "http://www.newhamandessexbeagles.co.uk/",
    "image": "http://example.org/image.png",
    "logo": "http://example.org/logo.png",
    "telephone": "(+44) 020 7511 6463",
    "faxNumber": "(+44) 020 7511 4477",
    "email": "fakeemail@example.org",
    "address": {
        "name": "Terence McMillan Stadium - Newham Leisure Centre",
        "streetAddress": "281 Prince Regent Lane",
        "addressLocality": "London",
        "postalCode": "E13 8SD",
        "addressCountry": "countrycode:GBR"
    },
    "sponsor": { "name" : "Asics" } ,
    "athlete": [
        { "@id" : "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/examples/athlete/001Farah.jsonld" },
        { "@id" : "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/examples/athlete/002Athlete2.jsonld" },
        { "@id" : "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/examples/athlete/003Athlete3.jsonld" }
    ],
    "memberOf" : { "@id" : "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/examples/federation/GBR.jsonld" }
}

Sports Governing Body

A Sports Governing Body is a special type of organization in charge of governing and rule the sport of athletics. These sports governing bodies, sometimes referred as Federations, may be attached to other higher-level federations, and have other sports organizations (clubs or other governing bodies) attached to them.

  • class: Federation (ath:SportsGoverningBody)
  • subClassOf: schema:SportsOrganization
{
    "@context": "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/contexts/opentrack.jsonld",
    "@id": "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/examples/federation/EAA.jsonld",
    "@type": "Federation",
    "name": "European Athletics",
    "alternateName": "European Athletic Association",
    "email": "office@european-athletics.org",
    "url": "http://www.european-athletics.org",
    "faxNumber": "(41 21) 313 43 51",
    "telephone": "(41 21) 313 43 50",
    "address": {
        "@type": "PostalAddress",
        "name": "European Athletic Association",
        "streetAddress": "Avenue Louis-Ruchonnet 16",
        "addressLocality": "Lausanne",
        "postalCode": "CH-1003",
        "addressCountry": "countrycode:CHE"
    },
    "areaServed" : "continent:EUROPE",
    "memberOf": "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/examples/federation/IAAF.jsonld",
    "member": [
        { "@id" : "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/examples/federation/ALB.jsonld" },
        { "@id" : "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/examples/federation/AND.jsonld" },
        { "@id" : "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/examples/federation/ARM.jsonld" },
        { "@id" : "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/examples/federation/AUT.jsonld" },
        { "@id" : "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/examples/federation/AZE.jsonld" },
        { "@id" : "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/examples/federation/BLR.jsonld" },
        { "@id" : "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/examples/federation/BEL.jsonld" },
        { "@id" : "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/examples/federation/BIH.jsonld" },
        { "@id" : "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/examples/federation/BUL.jsonld" },
        { "@id" : "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/examples/federation/CRO.jsonld" },
        { "@id" : "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/examples/federation/CYP.jsonld" },
        { "@id" : "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/examples/federation/ALB.jsonld" },
        { "@id" : "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/examples/federation/AND.jsonld" },
        { "@id" : "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/examples/federation/ARM.jsonld" },
        { "@id" : "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/examples/federation/AUT.jsonld" },
        { "@id" : "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/examples/federation/AZE.jsonld" },
        { "@id" : "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/examples/federation/BLR.jsonld" },
        { "@id" : "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/examples/federation/BEL.jsonld" },
        { "@id" : "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/examples/federation/BIH.jsonld" },
        { "@id" : "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/examples/federation/BUL.jsonld" },
        { "@id" : "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/examples/federation/CRO.jsonld" },
        { "@id" : "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/examples/federation/CYP.jsonld" }
    ]
}

Category

Category is a division that marks the competition of athletes and teams in sports events. A category describe the potential audience of a sports event. Categories may include restrictions of gender, age range and other specific rules depending of the sports discipline.

Examples of categories in Athletics are: M35 (Men aged 35-39), U23 (Under 23) Men, or ad hoc categories for non-official competitions such as teachers and parents in school sports. There is a predefined list of standard categories recognized by international federations.

See a common predefined list of the main categories recognized by international Sports Governing Bodies.

Key Property Description Value Type
identifier schema:identifier Unique character string to identify a category. Text
name schema:name Name of a category (i.e., Under 23 Men, Teachers) Text
alternateName schema:alternateName Code used to identify a category (i.e., M35, W35) Text
description schema:description Description and notes about a category. Text
requiredGender schema:requiredGender Gender of athletes involved in a category. Gender Type
requiredMinAge schema:requiredMinAge Athletes' minumum age to be eligible for a category. Integer
requiredMaxAge schema:requiredMaxAge Athletes' maximum age to be eligible for a category. Integer
recognizingAuthority schema:recognizingAuthority Governing body or organization that recognizes and rule a specific category. Organization
geographicArea schema:geographicArea The geographic area associated with the category. AdministrativeArea
healthCondition schema:healthCondition Specifying the health condition(s) of the target audience of a competition (e.g., in the case of a medical certificate is required). MedicalCondition

Example of category description (Senior Women):

{
    "@context": "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/contexts/opentrack.jsonld",
    "@id" : "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/examples/category/SENF.jsonld",
    "@type": "Category",
    "name": "Senior (Female)",
    "description": "Open class with no upper age limit but some limitations on younger people competing in endurance events. Female gender.",
    "requiredMinAge" : 16,
    "requiredGender" : "Female",
    "recognizingAuthority" : { "@id" : "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/examples/federation/IAAF.jsonld" }
}

Competition Registration

Competition Registration is the action of applying to the competition organizers for taking part in the competition.

Key Property Description Value Type
description schema:description Description of the potential action of registration. Text
target schema:target The entry point for the registration. EntryPoint (URL)
startTime schema:startTime DateTime when the registration period starts. DateTime
endTime schema:endTime DateTime when the registration period ends. DateTime

Example of competition with open registration:

{
    "@context": "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/contexts/opentrack.jsonld",
    "@id" : "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/examples/competition/001.jsonld",
    "@type": "SportsCompetitionEvent",
    "name": "London Half Marathon",
    "competitionRegistration" : { 
        "@type" : "CompetitionRegistration",
        "target" : "http://example.com/half-marathon/registration",
        "startTime" : "2012-01-03",
        "endTime" : "2012-02-03"
    }
}

Competition

A Competition, Athletics Competition or Sports Competition is an event in which Athletes or Teams take part in order to find out who is best at a particular sports activity.

Athletics Competitions may be of different nature, depending on disciplines (e.g., 100m, marathon, pole vault, etc.), schedule (e.g. one-day meetings, World championships, etc.), competitors (e.g., U23, Masters, etc.), and scope (e.g., regional, national, supranational championships, leagues, etc.). Other amateur competitions such as fund-raising road races or school races are also considered as Competitions.

Key Property Description Value Type
identifier schema:identifier Unique character string to identify a competition. Text
name schema:name Descriptive name of a competition. Text
alternateName schema:alternateName An alias to name the competition. It could be an acronym or abbreviation. Text
description schema:description Descriptive text about a competition. Text
location schema:location Venue where a competition is held (for instance, Berlin Olympic Stadium). Place or Text
url schema:url Webpage URL about a competition. URL
image schema:image Picture about a competition. URL
startDate schema:startDate Date and time when a competition starts. Date or DateTime
endDate schema:endDate Date and time when a competition ends. Date or DateTime
eventStatus schema:eventStatus Status of a competition according to a enumeration of potential values (i.e., scheduled, completed, etc.) Event Status Type
organizer schema:organizer Person(s) or organization(s) that organizes a competition. Person or Organization
contributor schema:contributor Person(s) or organization(s) that collaborates in the organization of a competition. Person or Organization
starter schema:competitor Athletes(s) or teams(s) taking part in the competition at the beginning of the event to compete in the event. Person or Sports Team
participation ath:competitionAction Action of Athletes(s) or teams(s) taking part of the competition. Competitor
sponsor schema:sponsor Person(s) or organization(s) that sponsors a competition. Person or Organization
attendee schema:attendee Person(s) who attends a competition. Person
sportsDiscipline ath:sportsDiscipline Type of an Athletics competition according to specific rules set by governing bodies (e.g., Outdoor Sprint Relays). SportsDiscipline
competitionCategory ath:competitionCategory The specific category for a competition (e.g., M35, U18 Male, local competitors, etc). Competition Category
entryRequirements ath:entryRequirements Requirements to take part in a competition. Text
results pending:resultDecision List with the results of the participation in a competition. There may be different results during the competition (start list, intermediate results, partial results, final results, etc.) . Results
unitCompetition ath:unitCompetition Unit competition that is part of a parent competition (e.g. every heat of a semifinal round in a 200m event). Unit Competition
competitionStage ath:competitionStage A stage within a multi stage competition. Competition
round ath:round Round in an athletic event organised as a sequence of rounds. For instance, track and field events are usually structured in qualification rounds (i.e, preliminary rounds, qualification rounds, semifinals and final). Competition rounds aims at qualifying athletes to next round until the final. There are competitions that only have one final round such as Marathon or Cross Country races. Examples of Competition Rounds: 110m Hurdles Men Preliminary Round Heat 1, 10,000m Men Final, and 110 Hurdles Man Semifinal 1. Competition
qualificationCriteria ath:qualificationCriteria Requirements for a competitor to get to the next round in a multi round competition (e.g., a preliminary round of qualification in track events may select a number of athletes by their performance and others by heat ranking). Qualification Criteria
competitionRegistration schema:potentialAction Potential action of athletes' sign up to take part in the competition. Competition Registration

Competitions may be part of Competition Series, this is, competitions that have events periodically (e.g., 2016 Summer Olympic Games in Rio as part of the Olympic Games held every four years);

Graphical examples of competitions:

Model of a 100m competition within the European Championships
Example of competition model: 2016 European Championships, 100m Men
Model of a heptathlon competition within the European Championships
Example of competition model: 2016 European Championships Heptathlon (simplified with only five combined events)
Ekiden race instances with two categories
Example of instances of the Jaffa Ekiden Relay Race, representing two different categories (senior and junior), including individual results for each relay leg and the overall results (for teams)

See a complete example of divisional competition (European Championships with detail of 100m event).

Competition Series

Competition Series are competitive events held periodically (for instance, the Summer Olympic Games have recurring events organized every four years).

  • class: CompetitionSeries (schema:EventSeries)
Key Property Description Value Type
identifier schema:identifier Unique character string to identify a recurring competition. Text
name schema:name Descriptive name of a recurring competition. Text
alternateName schema:alternateName An alias to name a recurring competition. Text
description schema:description About a recurring competition. Text
subEvent schema:subEvent A competition that happens as a recurring event within a series of competitions (e.g., London 2012 Olympic Games) Competition 
{
    "@context": "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/contexts/opentrack.jsonld",
    "@id" : "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/examples/competition/EuropeanChampionships.jsonld",
    "@type": "CompetitionSeries",

    "name": "European Athletics Championships",
    "description": "The European Athletics Championships is a recurring event organized by European Athletics, that is held every two years. This championship gathers together the best athletes and national teams in Europe.",
    "organizer": { "@id" : "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/examples/federation/EAA.jsonld" },
    "subEvent" : [
        { "@id" : "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/examples/competition/Euro2016.jsonld" },
        { "@id" : "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/examples/competition/Euro2018.jsonld" }
    ]
}

Unit Competition

A Unit Competition is a unitary competition defined by specific sports rules (for instance, the Heat 1 race at the semifinals of 100m event in the Olympic Games). Competition Rounds have one or more Unit Competitions.

  • class: UnitCompetitionEvent (ath:UnitCompetitionEvent)
  • subClassOf: ath:Competition
  • superclasses:
    • ath:UnitRace
    • ath:UnitFieldCompetition

Unit Competitions may vary, depending on the type of the Athletics event:

Unit Race

A Unit Race is a competitive event where performances are measured as time (i.e., races and legs in relay races). Timed events have specific information about timekeeping. This kind of events may have information about the start/finish point and the course of the race.

  • class: UnitRace (ath:UnitRace)
  • subClassOf: ath:UnitCompetitionEvent
Key Property Description Value Type
fromLocation schema:fromLocation Place where a race starts. Place
toLocation schema:toLocation Place where a race finishes. Place
course schema:exerciseCourse Course track of a race. schema:GeoShape
timekeeping ath:timekeeping Type of timekeeping used to control a competition. Timekeeping
Unit Field Competition

A Unit Field Competition is a unitary competition in field events (for instance, one group of the semifinals in a High Jump event). These competitions have a specific structure based on rounds of trials or attempts. Depending on the type of the field event trials are performed in a different way.

  • class: UnitFieldCompetition (ath:UnitFieldCompetition)
  • subClassOf: ath:UnitCompetitionEvent
  • superclasses:
    • ´ath:UnitHeightCompetition´
    • ´ath:UnitDistanceCompetition´

There are two different types of Unit Field Competitions depending on the nature of the field event:

Unit Height Competition

A Unit Height Competition is a unitary competition for height disciplines (Vertical Jumps). Officials in Unit Height Competitions must specify specific information about the height of the bar before the competition starts.

Example of height card
Example of rounds of trials and attempts highlighted on a control card for a Height Competition (Pole Vault)
  • class: UnitHeightCompetition (ath:UnitHeightCompetition)
  • subClassOf: ath:UnitFieldCompetition
Key Property Description Value Type
startingHeight ath:startingHeight The starting height the bar is raised at the start of a vertical jumps unit competition. Distance
increasingHeight ath:increasingHeight The subsequent heights to which the bar will be raised at the end of each round of trials within a vertical jumps unit competition. Text

Example of description of height card, simplified with an athlete's participation:

{
    "@context": "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/contexts/opentrack.jsonld",
    "@id" : "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/examples/field-trials/U15PoleVault.jsonld",
    "@type" : "UnitHeightCompetition",    
    "name" : "EA U15 Boys Pole Vault – Final",
    "category" : { "name" : "U15B" },
    "startingHeight" : {
        "@type" : "QuantitativeValue",
        "value" : "1.25",
        "unitCode" : "MTR"
        },
    "increasingHeight" : "2.70, 2.90, 3.00 increasing 10 cms.",
    "participation" : [ 
       {
          "@type" : "Competitor",
          "agent" : {
            "@type" : "Athlete",
            "name" : "Joshua Ilyk",
            "affiliation" : "Notts AC"
          },
          "bibIdentifier" : "678",
          "trial" : [
            {
              "@type" : "HeightTrial",
              "targetHeight" : { "value" : "2.50", "unitCode" : "MTR" },
              "competitionFeature" : "feature:NH"
            },
            {
              "@type" : "HeightTrial",
              "targetHeight" : { "value" : "2.70", "unitCode" : "MTR" },
              "competitionFeature" : "feature:NH"
            },
            {
              "@type" : "HeightTrial",
              "targetHeight" : { "value" : "2.90", "unitCode" : "MTR" },
              "competitionFeature" : "feature:NH"
            },
            {
              "@type" : "HeightTrial",
              "targetHeight" : { "value" : "3.00", "unitCode" : "MTR" },
              "attemptNumber" : 1,
              "competitionFeature" : "feature:x"
            },
            {
              "@type" : "HeightTrial",
              "targetHeight" : { "value" : "3.00", "unitCode" : "MTR" },
              "attemptNumber" : 2,
              "competitionFeature" : "feature:o"
            },
            {
              "@type" : "HeightTrial",
              "targetHeight" : { "value" : "3.10", "unitCode" : "MTR" },
              "attemptNumber" : 1,
              "competitionFeature" : "feature:o"
            },
            {
              "@type" : "HeightTrial",
              "targetHeight" : { "value" : "3.20", "unitCode" : "MTR" },
              "attemptNumber" : 1,
              "competitionFeature" : "feature:x"
            },
            {
              "@type" : "HeightTrial",
              "targetHeight" : { "value" : "3.20", "unitCode" : "MTR" },
              "attemptNumber" : 2,
              "competitionFeature" : "feature:o"
            },
            {
              "@type" : "HeightTrial",
              "targetHeight" : { "value" : "3.30", "unitCode" : "MTR" },
              "attemptNumber" : 1,
              "competitionFeature" : "feature:x"
            },
            {
              "@type" : "HeightTrial",
              "targetHeight" : { "value" : "3.30", "unitCode" : "MTR" },
              "attemptNumber" : 2,
              "competitionFeature" : "feature:x"
            },            
            {
              "@type" : "HeightTrial",
              "targetHeight" : { "value" : "3.30", "unitCode" : "MTR" },
              "attemptNumber" : 3,
              "competitionFeature" : "feature:o"
            }
          ]
       }        
    ]
}
Unit Distance Competition

A Unit Distance Competition is a unitary competition for distance field disciplines (Horizontal Jumps and Throws).

  • class: UnitDistanceCompetition (ath:UnitDistanceCompetition)
  • subClassOf: ath:UnitFieldCompetition
Example of distance card
Example of field rounds and trials highlighted on a control card for Distance Field Events (a Javelin Throw Competition)

Description of distance card simplified with information of two competitors:

{
    "@context": "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/contexts/opentrack.jsonld",
    "@id" : "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/examples/field-trials/U17DiscusThrow.jsonld",
    "@type" : "UnitDistanceCompetition",

    "name" : "EA U17 Men Discus – Final",
    "category" : { "name" : "U17M" },
    "participation" : [ 
       {
          "@type" : "Competitor",
          "agent" : {
            "@type" : "Athlete",
            "name" : "Matt Blandford",
            "affiliation" : "Tonbridge AC" 
          },
          "bibIdentifier" : "549",
          "trial" : [
            {
              "@type" : "DistanceTrial",
              "attemptNumber" : 1,
              "performance" : {
                "@type" : "DistancePerformance",
                "distance" : { "value" : "48.05", "unitCode" : "MTR", "@type" : "QuantitativeValue" }
              }
            },
            {
              "@type" : "DistanceTrial",
              "attemptNumber" : 2,
              "performance" : {
                "@type" : "DistancePerformance",
                "distance" : { "value" : "55.69", "unitCode" : "MTR", "@type" : "QuantitativeValue" }
              }
            },
            {
              "@type" : "DistanceTrial",
              "attemptNumber" : 3,
              "performance" : {
                "@type" : "DistancePerformance",
                "distance" : { "value" : "57.69", "unitCode" : "MTR", "@type" : "QuantitativeValue" }
              }
            },
            {
              "@type" : "DistanceTrial",
              "attemptNumber" : 4,
              "performance" : {
                "@type" : "DistancePerformance",
                "distance" : { "value" : "53.28", "unitCode" : "MTR", "@type" : "QuantitativeValue" }
              }
            },
            {
              "@type" : "DistanceTrial",
              "attemptNumber" : 5,
              "performance" : {
                "@type" : "DistancePerformance",
                "distance" : { "value" : "59.76", "unitCode" : "MTR", "@type" : "QuantitativeValue" }
              }
            },
            {
              "@type" : "DistanceTrial",
              "attemptNumber" : 6,
              "competitionFeature" : "feature:NM"
            }
          ]
       },
       {
          "@type" : "Competitor",
          "agent" : {
            "@type" : "Athlete",
            "name" : "Gurtal Randhawa",
            "affiliation" : "Windsor Slough Eton & H"  
          },
          "bibIdentifier" : "792",
          "trial" : [
            {
              "@type" : "DistanceTrial",
              "attemptNumber" : 1,
              "performance" : {
                "@type" : "DistancePerformance",
                "distance" : { "value" : "43.30", "unitCode" : "MTR", "@type" : "QuantitativeValue" }
              }
            },
            {
              "@type" : "DistanceTrial",
              "attemptNumber" : 2,
              "performance" : {
                "@type" : "DistancePerformance",
                "distance" : { "value" : "42.46", "unitCode" : "MTR", "@type" : "QuantitativeValue" }
              }
            },
            {
              "@type" : "DistanceTrial",
              "attemptNumber" : 3,
              "performance" : {
                "@type" : "DistancePerformance",
                "distance" : { "value" : "42.70", "unitCode" : "MTR", "@type" : "QuantitativeValue" }
              }
            },
            {
              "@type" : "DistanceTrial",
              "attemptNumber" : 4,
              "performance" : {
                "@type" : "DistancePerformance",
                "distance" : { "value" : "45.08", "unitCode" : "MTR", "@type" : "QuantitativeValue" }
              }
            },
            {
              "@type" : "DistanceTrial",
              "attemptNumber" : 5,
              "competitionFeature" : "feature:NM"
            },
            {
              "@type" : "DistanceTrial",
              "attemptNumber" : 6,
              "performance" : {
                "@type" : "DistancePerformance",
                "distance" : { "value" : "44.33", "unitCode" : "MTR", "@type" : "QuantitativeValue" }
              }
            }
          ]
       }
    ]
}

Field Trial

A Field Trial is an individual, unitary athlete's attempt in a field competition.

Except for Vertical Jumps, each athlete only will have no more than one trial recorded in any one round of trials of the competition. Anyway, all trials belonging to rounds of trials will have the same structure, independently of the discipline.

Except in Vertical Jumps, a valid trial shall be indicated by the measurement taken. For the standard abbreviations and symbols to be used in all other cases see the possible Competition Features. A substitute trial is given in case an athlete is hampered in a trial or it cannot be correctly recorded.

Key Property Description Value Type
identifier schema:identifier Unique character string to identify an attempt. Text
competitionFeature ath:competitionFeature Feature or note included by officials in the result of a field trial (e.g., 'Passed', 'clear') Competition Feature Type
attemptNumber ath:attemptNumber Integer indicating the correlative number of an athlete's attempts in a round of trials. Integer
performance ath:performance Performance achieved in case a trial was valid. Performance
startTime schema:startTime Time and date when a trial starts. DateTime
endTime schema:endTime Time and date when a trial ends. DateTime
trialFeature ath:trialFeature Feature of a trial (i.e. if it is a substitute trial, if it is valid, etc.). Trial Feature Type

There are two specific classes depending on the nature of the field event:

Distance Trial

A Distance Trial is an individual, unitary athlete's attempt in a distance field competition (i.e., Throws and Horizontal Jumps).

  • class: DistanceTrial (ath:DistanceTrial)
  • subClassOf: ath:FieldTrial

Example of trial in a throws event:

{
  "@type" : "DistanceTrial",
  "attemptNumber" : 3,
  "performance" : {
    "@type" : "DistancePerformance",
    "distance" : { "value" : "42.70", "unitCode" : "MTR", "@type" : "QuantitativeValue" }
  }
}

Height Trial

A Height Trial is an individual, unitary athlete's attempt in a height field competition (i.e., Vertical Jumps).

  • class: HeightTrial (ath:HeightTrial)
  • subClassOf: ath:FieldTrial
Key Property Description Value Type
targetHeight schema:height The target height the bar is raised during an attempt. Distance

Example of trial in a pole vault event:

{
  "@type" : "HeightTrial",
  "targetHeight" : { "value" : "3.20", "unitCode" : "MTR", "@type" : "QuantitativeValue" },
  "attemptNumber" : 1,
  "competitionFeature" : "feature:x"
}

Competitor

A Competitor represents the participation of competitors (teams or athletes) in a specific competition. Each competitor, or entry in the competition, will be identified unequivocally in the competition. These entries will be reflected in Results (and starting lists before the competition) and in other stages of the competition such as rounds of trials.

Key Property Description Value Type
identifier schema:identifier Unique character string to identify an entry in the competition. Text
agent schema:agent Athlete or team competing in an event. Athlete or Sports Team
competitorStatus schema:actionStatus Status of the competition action of competitor (i.e., competition under protest, disqualified, etc.). Protest Status
bibIdentifier ath:bibIdentifier Text or number printed on the bib, identifying a competitor during the competition. Text
transponderIdentifier ath:transponderIdentifier Text or code identifying a competitor by a transponder. Text
inCompetition schema:sportsEvent Competition in which a competitor takes part. Competition
performance schema:result Performance resulting of the competition action. Performance
disqualificationReason ath:disqualificationReason Rule article number or text with reasons for an athlete's disqualification. Text

Example of entry in a competition:

{
    "@id" : "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/examples/competition/Euro2016.jsonld#100W_100Haase",
    "@type" : "Competitor",
    "agent" : { "@id" : "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/examples/athlete/100Haase.jsonld" },
    "bibIdentifier" : "100"
}

Results

A Result is the information obtained after the performance of competitors (athletes or teams) in a competition. The collection of results serves as ranking for each stage of the competition.

Results may be under different statuses depending on the stage of the competition.

  • class: Result (ath:CompetitionResult)
  • subClassOf: pending:CompetitionResult
Key Property Description Value Type
identifier schema:identifier Unique character string to identify an entry in the list of results. Text
created dc:created Exact date and time when the results were produced. DateTime
modified dc:modified Exact date and time when the results were updated. DateTime
competitor pending:competitor Athlete or team participating in the event. Competitor
competitionFeature ath:competitionFeature Set of features and notes included by officials in a starting list or results (e.g., 'Qualified without standard in field events', 'Advanced to next round by Referee') Competition Feature Type
protestStatus ath:protestStatus Status of the protest action of the competitor at a stage of the competition. Protest Status
resultStatus ath:resultStatus Status of the result in a competition. Result Status
startingOrder ath:startingOrder Competitor's order in the start list of a competition stage. Integer
trackLane ath:trackLane Track lane number assigned to a competitor in case of certain track disciplines. Text
rank ath:rank A numerical rank, place, or position. For example, '1' would represent 1st place in a competitive event. Integer
recordOrBest ath:recordOrBest Type of record or best performance related to a result (e.g., World Record, National Record, Personal Best, etc.). Record or Best
performance ath:performance Measure to quantify the performance of the competitor after a competition stage linked to results. Performance
award schema:award Award related to the result achieved by the athlete. Text
disqualificationReason ath:disqualificationReason Rule article number or text with reasons for an athlete's disqualification. Text 
{
    "@id" : "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/examples/competition/Euro2016.jsonld#100W_R1H1_5",
    "@type": "Result",
    "name": "5th Position - 100m Women - Round 1 - Heat 1",
    "competitionEntry" : { "@id" : "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/examples/competition/Euro2016.jsonld#100W_104Kora" },
    "trackLane": 8,
    "competitionFeature": "feature:q",
    "rank": 5,
    "performance": {
        "@id" : "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/examples/competition/Euro2016.jsonld#100W_R1H1_104Kora",
        "@type" : "TimePerformance",
        "competitor" : { "@id" : "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/examples/athlete/104Kora.jsonld" },
        "windAssistance" : {
            "@type" : "QuantitativeValue",
            "value" : "-1.5",
            "unitCode" : "MTS"
        },
        "time" : "00:00:11.450",
        "recordOrBest" : "best:SB"
    }
}

Performance

Performance represents the resulting competitor's accomplishment measured and recognized by officials after a competition. Measurements depend on the type of discipline (i.e., running performances are measured as time, jumps and throws are measured in centimetres). It may include information about the conditions in which competitor got the performance (e.g., wind assistance).

Using the previous example of result list, Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce's performance is: 11.09 (seconds), +0.6 (m/s wind assistance), setting a new CR record at 100m Women Final.

Key Property Description Value Type
identifier schema:identifier Unique character string to identify a performance. Text
windAssistance ath:windAssistance Wind speed at the moment of registering the performance (it could be either positive or negative). Text
recordOrBest ath:recordOrBest Type of record or best performance related to a result in a competition (e.g., World Record, National Record, Personal Best, etc.). Record or Best
sportsDiscipline ath:sportsDiscipline Type of an Athletics competition according to specific rules set by governing bodies (e.g., Outdoor Sprint Relays). Sports Discipline
endTime schema:endTime Date and time when the athlete achieved a performance. DateTime
agent schema:agent Athlete or team that achieved the performance. Athlete or Sports Team
result schema:result Competition result achieved with this performance. Results

There are different types of performance depending on the type of event: Timed events with results measured as time; Lenght events, measured as distance (Throws, Long Jump and Triple Jump); Height events, measured as height (Vertical Jumps); and Combined events, measured as score points (Decathlon, Heptathlon, etc.). So, performances are described by the following sub-classes:

Time Performance

Time Performance is a performance for timed competitions (i.e., races).

  • class: TimePerformance (ath:TimePerformance)
  • subClassOf: ath:Performance
Key Property Description Value Type
time pending:performTime Official measure of a performance expressed as time. Time
reactionTime ath:reactionTime Reaction time of an athlete at the start of an athletics event. Time

Example of performance in a sprint event:

{
    "@id" : "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/examples/competition/Euro2016.jsonld#100W_R1H3_119Nguyen",
    "@type" : "TimePerformance",
    "agent" : { "@id" : "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/examples/athlete/119Nguyen.jsonld" },
    "windAssistance" : {
        "@type" : "QuantitativeValue",
        "value" : "1.0",
        "unitCode" : "MTS"
    },
    "time" : "00:00:11.660",
    "record" : "best:SB"
}

Points Performance

Points Performance is a performance for competitions based on score points (i.e., combined events).

  • class: PointsPerformance (ath:PointsPerformance)
  • subClassOf: ath:Performance
Key Property Description Value Type
scorePoints ath:scorePoints Official measure of a performance expressed as score points. Number 
{
    "points" : 18273
}

Distance Performance

Distance Performance is a performance based on distance (i.e., throws, horizontal jumps).

  • class: DistancePerformance (ath:DistancePerformance)
  • subClassOf: ath:Performance
Key Property Description Value Type
distance schema:distance Official measure of a performance expressed as distance. Distance 
{
    "distance" : {
        "@type" : "QuantitativeValue",
        "value" : "62.21",
        "unitCode" : "MTR"
    }
}

Record or Best

Record or Best is an athlete's best performance according to specific criteria set by a Sports Governing Body. For instance, World Records are ratified by the IAAF.

Both official and unofficial records may be kept by statisticians.

Key Property Description Value Type
name schema:name Descriptive text naming a record or best. Text
identifier schema:identifier Unique character string to identify a record or best. Text
spatialCoverage schema:spatialCoverage Spatial coverage of the record or best (e.g. in the case of area records, the country, continent or region). Country, Continent or AdministrativeArea
temporalCoverage schema:temporalCoverage Temporal coverage of the record or best (e.g., a 2016-2017 season best) PeriodOfTime
recognizingAuthority ath:recognizingAuthority Governing body or organization that recognizes a record. Person or Organization
category ath:competitionCategory The specific category for this record or best (e.g., M35, U18 Male, etc). Category 
{
    "recordOrBest" : {
        "@type" : "RecordOrBest",
        "name" : "European Record",
        "identifier" : "ER",
        "spatial" : "continent:Europe",
        "recognizingAuthority" : { "@id" : "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/examples/federation/EAA.jsonld" }
    }
}

Records or bests can be defined on demand. There is a predefined list of common record or best types.

Qualification Criteria

Qualification Criteria are the requirements for the competitor to pass a qualification round. Qualification may be based on the standard or finishing position, or by performance.

Key Property Description Value Type
description schema:description Descriptive text of the qualification criteria. Text
byPlaceOrStandard ath:qualifiedByPlaceOrStandard Number of competitors that are qualified in a round by rank (track events) or standard (field events). Integer
byPerformance ath:qualifiedByPerformance Number of competitors that are qualified in a round by best performance. Integer 
{
    "@type": "CompetitionQualificationCriteria",
    "description": "First 2 in each heat (Q) and the next 2 fastest (q) advance to the final",
    "byPlaceOrStandard": 6,
    "byPerformance": 2
}

Timekeeping

Timekeeping is a process and/or mechanism of timing competitions.

There are three alternative methods of timekeeping, recognised as official by IAAF:

Sometimes may be of interest gathering and representing information about devices and the specific conditions of timekeeping.

Key Property Description Value Type
identifier schema:identifier Unique character string to identify a timekeeping method. Text
name schema:name Name of a method used for timekeeping (i.e., Hand Timing, Fully Automatic or Transponder System Timing) Text
description schema:description Description and notes about the method used for timekeeping. Text
instrument schema:instrument Brand, model and features of the device/system used for timekeeping. Text

Hand Timekeeping

Hand Timing (HT) is a process and/or mechanism of timing competitions by hand. It is usually given to 0.1 seconds (average the different timekeepers and rounded up).

  • class: HandTimekeeping (ath:HandTimekeepingAction)
  • subClassOf: schema:TimekeepingAction

Fully Automatic Timekeeping

Fully Automatic Timing (FAT) is a process and/or mechanism of timing competitions, obtained from a Photo Finish System (FAT usually given to 0.01 seconds);

  • class: FullyAutomaticTimekeeping (ath:FullyAutomaticTimekeepingAction)
  • subClassOf: schema:TimekeepingAction

Transponder System Timekeeping

Transponder System Timing is a process and/or mechanism of timing provided by radio signal devices. Road races use a variety of chip timing systems, precision is less important than recording thousands of people easily in the right order.

  • class: TransponderSystemTimekeepingAction (ath:TransponderSystemTimekeepingAction)
  • subClassOf: schema:TimekeepingAction

Place

A Place is a location, venue or territories where events are held or organizations are located. Events may take part either in stadia (e.g., track and field events at Helsinki Olympic Stadium) or outside stadia (e.g., cross-country, mountain races, road races, etc.). Federations may cover specific Administrative Areas.

Key Property Description Value Type
identifier schema:identifier Unique character string to identify a venue. Text
name schema:name Descriptive name of a venue. Text
description schema:description Descriptive text about a place. Text
address schema:address Postal address related to a venue. Postal Address or Text
url schema:url Webpage URL about a venue. URL
image schema:image Picture about a venue. URL
geo schema:geo Geographic coordinates and/or elevation (expressed in metres, following WGS 84) of a venue. Geo Coordinates
map schema:hasMap URL to a map pointing to a venue. URL
telephone schema:telephone Telephone number of a venue. Text
fax schema:faxNumber Fax number of a venue. Text

Geo Coordinates

Geo Coordinates are the geographic coordinates of a place or event.

  • class: schema:GeoCoordinates
Key Property Description Value Type
latitude schema:latitude The latitude of a location. For example 37.42242 (WGS 84). Number
longitude schema:longitude The longitude of a location. For example -122.08585 (WGS 84). Number
elevation schema:elevation The elevation of a location in metres (WGS 84). Number 
{
    "@id": "http://w3c.github.io/opentrack-cg/examples/competition/Euro2016.jsonld#venue",
    "@type": "schema:StadiumOrArena",
    "name": "Olympic Stadium Amsterdam",
    "geo": {
        "latitude": "52.343417",
        "longitude": "4.854192",
        "elevation": "123.93"      
    },
    "map": "http://example.org/map",
    "address": {
        "@type": "PostalAddress",
        "streetAddress": "Olympisch Stadion 2",
        "addressLocality": "Amsterdam",
        "postalCode": "1076 DE",
        "addressCountry": "countrycode:NLD"
    }
}

Postal Addresses

Postal Address describes a postal address relative to a place.

Key Property Description Value Type
identifier schema:identifier Unique character string to identify a postal address. Text
name schema:name Descriptive name of the place (e.g., Helsinki Olympic Stadium). Text
streetAddress schema:streetAddress The street address (e.g., Paavo Nurmen tie 1). Text
locality schema:addressLocality The locality (e.g., Helsinki). Text
postOfficeBoxNumber schema:postOfficeBoxNumber The post office box number for PO box addresses. Text
postalCode schema:postalCode The postal code (e.g., 00250) Text
country schema:addressCountry The country (e.g., Finland). Country 
{
    "streetAddress": "Olympisch Stadion 2",
    "locality": "Amsterdam",
    "postalCode": "1076 DE",
    "addressCountry": "countrycode:NLD"
}

Sports Discipline

An Athletics Discipline is a particular type of Athletics event defined by specific rules.

According to IAAF, Athletics events may be classified into: Sprints, Middle/long distance, Hurdles, Road Running, Jumps, Throws, Combined Events, Race Walks, Relays, Cross Country, Mountain Running and Ultra Running. IOC ODF [[IOC-ODF]] uses: Races (track and road) and relays, Throws, Horizontal Jumps and Vertical Jumps. Athlib proposes codes to represent disciplines.

Disciplines are described by specific features (i.e., throws disciplines, such as shot put, are defined by weight). So, having into account the features related to the competition, disciplines are modelled in this taxonomy of concepts:

Taxonomy for Athletics Disciplines
Athletics Discipline Taxonomy

This hierarchical taxonomy enables the definition of any type of Athletic event.

Example of model of indoor pentathlon
Example of an instance of Master Female indoor Pentathlon using the current model
Key Property Description Value Type
name schema:name Descriptive name of the discipline. Text
venueType ath:AthleticsVenueType Type of a stadium with track and/or field facilities (indoor/outdoor). Venue Type

Race

Race is a type of competition to see who is the fastest, including running or race-waking.

  • class: Race (ath:RaceDiscipline)
  • subClassOf: ath:AthleticsDiscipline
  • superClasses:
    • ath:DistanceDiscipline
    • ath:SteeplechaseDiscipline
    • ath:HurdlesDiscipline
    • ath:SprintsDiscipline
    • ath:RaceWalkingDiscipline
    • ath:CrossCountryDiscipline
    • ath:RoadRunningDiscipline
    • ath:MountainRunningDiscipline
    • ath:TrackRelaysDiscipline
    • ath:UltraRunningDiscipline
Key Property Description Value Type
distance schema:distance Distance of the race. Distance
raceCompetitionType ath:raceCompetitionType Type of competition (time trial, relays, etc.). Race Competition Type
maxDuration ath:maxDuration Maximum duration of the race in case of being a time-fixed competition (i.e., one hour, one day, etc.). Time
Distance Race

A Distance Race is a Middle-distance or Long-distance running event, over a distance longer than sprints. Range of distances includes 800 m, up to Marathon 42.195 Km.

  • class: DistanceDiscipline (ath:DistanceDiscipline)
  • subClassOf: ath:RaceDiscipline
Steeplechase

Steeplechase is a long distance running event where runners must clear obstacles and water jumps.

  • class: SteeplechaseDiscipline (ath:SteeplechaseDiscipline)
  • subClassOf: ath:RaceDiscipline
Key Property Description Value Type
height schema:height Obstacle height. Distance
Hurdles

Hurdles is a running event where athletes jump over hurdles at speed.

  • class: HurdlesDiscipline (ath:HurdlesDiscipline)
  • subClassOf: ath:RaceDiscipline
Key Property Description Value Type
height schema:height Hurdles height. Distance
spacing ath:spacing Horizontal distance between hurdles. Distance
Sprints

Sprints are running events over a short distance (less than 800m).

  • class: SprintsDiscipline (ath:SprintsDiscipline)
  • subClassOf: ath:RaceDiscipline
Key Property Description Value Type
trackType ath:runningTrackType Type of track where a sprint race is held (straight, curved). Running Track Type
Race-walking

Race-walking, or race walking, is a long-distance discipline where one foot must appear to be in contact with the ground at all times.

  • class: RaceWalkingDiscipline (ath:RaceWalkingDiscipline)
  • subClassOf: ath:RaceDiscipline
Cross Country

Cross Country is a running discipline in which teams and individuals run a race on open-air courses over natural terrain such as dirt or grass.

  • class: CrossCountry (ath:CrossCountry)
  • subClassOf: ath:RaceDiscipline
Road Running

Road Running is an Athletics discipline on a measured course over an established road.

  • class: RoadRunningDiscipline (ath:RoadRunningDiscipline)
  • subClassOf: ath:RaceDiscipline
Mountain Running

Mountain Running is a Athletics discipline that takes place on terrain that is mainly off-road and which course may gain elevation.

  • class: MountainRunningDiscipline (ath:MountainRunningDiscipline)
  • subClassOf: ath:RaceDiscipline
Track Relays

Relays, relays race or relay race, is a track race between two or more teams where each member of the team runs one leg of the race.

  • class: TrackRelaysDiscipline (ath:TrackRelaysDiscipline)
  • subClassOf: ath:RaceDiscipline
Ultra Running

Ultra running, ultra distance or ultramarathon, is a road race longer than the traditional marathon length (42.195 Km).

  • class: UltraRunningDiscipline (ath:UltraRunningDiscipline)
  • subClassOf: ath:RaceDiscipline

Throws

Throws are types of field events in which athletes throws heavy objects in an attempt to mark a farther distance than their competitors.

  • class: ThrowsDiscipline (ath:ThrowsDiscipline)
  • subClassOf: ath:AthleticsDiscipline
  • superClasses:
    • ath:ShotPutDiscipline
    • ath:DiscusThrowDiscipline
    • ath:HammerThrowDiscipline
    • ath:JavelinThrowDiscipline
    • ath:WeightThrowDiscipline
Key Property Description Value Type
weight schema:weight Weight of the throwing object. Mass
Shot Put

Shot Put is a track and field event involving throwing/putting (throwing in a pushing motion) a heavy spherical object (the shot) as far as possible. The size of the ball, and the length of the wire varies depending on the competition rules.

  • class: ShotPutDiscipline (ath:ShotPutDiscipline)
  • subClassOf: ath:ThrowsDiscipline
Discus Throw

Discus Throw is a track and field event in which an athlete throws a heavy disc (the discus) in an attempt to mark a farther distance than their competitors. The diameter and weight of the discus varies depending on the competition rules.

  • class: DiscusThrowDiscipline (ath:DiscusThrowDiscipline)
  • subClassOf: ath:ThrowsDiscipline
Key Property Description Value Type
discusDiameter ath:discusDiameter Discus diameter. Distance
Hammer Throw

Hammer Throw is a track and field event in which an athlete throws a metal ball attached by a steel wire to a grip (the hammer). The size of the ball, and the length of the wire varies depending on the competition rules.

  • class: HammerThrowDiscipline (ath:HammerThrowDiscipline)
  • subClassOf: ath:ThrowsDiscipline
Key Property Description Value Type
hammerLength ath:hammerLength Hammer wire length. Distance
Javelin Throw

Javelin Throw is a track and field event where the javelin, a spear about 2.5 m (8 ft 2 in) in length, is thrown. Lenght and weight of javelin may vary depending on the rules of the competition.

  • class: JavelinThrowDiscipline (ath:JavelinThrowDiscipline)
  • subClassOf: ath:ThrowsDiscipline
Key Property Description Value Type
javelinLength ath:javelinLength Javelin length. Distance
Weight Throw

Weight Throw is a track and field event usually play indoors which is equivalent to the hammer throw event, which can only be held outdoors. Ball weight may vary depending on the rules of the competition.

  • class: WeightThrowDiscipline (ath:WeightThrowDiscipline)
  • subClassOf: ath:ThrowsDiscipline

Horizontal Jumps

Horizontal Jumps are track and field events in which athletes combine speed, strength and agility in an attempt to leap as far as possible from a take off point. Horizontal jumps include: long jump and triple jump.

  • class: HorizontalJumpsDiscipline (ath:HorizontalJumpsDiscipline)
  • subClassOf: ath:AthleticsDiscipline
  • superClasses:
    • ath:LongJumpDiscipline
    • `ath:TripleJumpDiscipline
Long Jump

Long Jump (or broad jump) is a track and field event in which athletes combine speed, strength and agility in an attempt to leap as far as possible from a take off point.

  • class: LongJumpDiscipline (ath:LongJumpDiscipline)
  • subClassOf: ath:HorizontalJumpsDiscipline
Triple Jump

Triple Jump (sometimes referred to as the hop, step and jump or the hop, skip and jump), is a track and field event, where competitors run down the track and perform a hop, a bound and then a jump into the sand pit.

  • class: TripleJumpDiscipline (ath:TripleJumpDiscipline)
  • subClassOf: ath:HorizontalJumpsDiscipline

VerticalJumps

Vertical Jumps are track and field events in which competitors must jump or vault over a horizontal bar placed at measured heights without dislodging it.

  • class: VerticalJumpsDiscipline (ath:VerticalJumpsDiscipline)
  • subClassOf: ath:AthleticsDiscipline
  • superClasses:
    • ath:HighJumpDiscipline
    • ath:PoleVaultDiscipline
High Jump

High Jump is a track and field event in which competitors must jump unaided over a horizontal bar placed at measured heights without dislodging it.

  • class: HighJumpDiscipline (ath:HighJumpDiscipline)
  • subClassOf: ath:VerticalJumpsDiscipline
Pole Vault

Pole Vault is a track and field event in which a person uses a long, flexible pole as an aid to jump over a bar.

  • class: PoleVaultDiscipline (ath:PoleVaultDiscipline)
  • subClassOf: ath:VerticalJumpsDiscipline

Combined Discipline

Combined Discipline is a competition where athletes participate in a number of track and field events, earning points for their performance in each event, which adds to a total points score.

  • class: CombinedDiscipline (ath:CombinedDiscipline)
  • subClassOf: ath:AthleticsDiscipline
Key Property Description Value Type
sportsDiscipline ath:sportsDiscipline Combined sub-disciplines for this event. Sports Discipline
scorePointsReference ath:scorePointsReference Reference to the score table used for this competition. URL

Classification Schemas and Data Types

Most of the following definitions and values for this set of value schemas are extracted from the official Technical Competition Rules published by IAAF.

Date

Date is represented using the ISO 8601 standard: [YYYY][MM][DD] or [YYYY]-[MM]-[DD]

For instance, 7th April 2017:

2017-04-07

Time

Time is represented using the ISO 8601 standard: [hh][mm][ss].sss or [hh]:[mm]:[ss].sss

Example, 2 hours 5 minutes 34 seconds:

02:05:34.000

Example, 10 seconds, 345 milliseconds:

00:00:10.345

High Resolution Time

Milliseconds should be enough to represent all time measurements in Athletics according to IAAF's rules [[IAAF-RULES]]. In the case of timing systems capturing higher resolution of time, values must be represented as quantified values using the Space and Time Units Vocabulary [[QUDT-SPACETIME]]. Editors may indicate the magnitude as a numeric value and the kind of the quantity (unit). Any unit of measurement may be used (hour, second, millisecond, etc.), but it is recommended using the 'second' (s), as it is the base unit of time in the International System of Units (SI).

Example, 10 seconds, 3454 microseconds:

{
    "@type" : "QuantitativeValue",
    "qudt:numericValue" : "10.3454",
    "qudt:unit" : "unit:SEC" 
}

DateTime

DateTime is represented using the ISO 8601 standard: <date>T<time>

Time can include the timezone <time>±[hh]:[mm].

For instance, 7th April 2017 at 4:45 am (UTC+1):

2017-04-07T04:45:00.000+01:00

Distance

Distances and heights must be represented by a quantified value, expressing the magnitude and kind of a quantity (unit). Values will be expressed as a numeric value (decimal or integer) and a measurement code. It is recommended using the UN/CEFACT Common Codes [[UNECE-CODES]] for Codes for Units of Measurement used in the International Trade.

It is recommended using the 'metre' (m), as it is the base unit of time in the International System of Units (SI). Exceptionally, distance and height may be also represented using other units such as 'mile' (statute mile). 

{
    "@type" : "QuantitativeValue",
    "value" : "2.20",
    "unitCode" : "MTR"
}

Other unit codes may be used if needed. Check and select the correspondent code from the UN/CEFACT Common Codes.

Mass

Mass must be represented by a quantified value, expressing the magnitude and kind of a quantity (unit). Values will be expressed as a numeric value (decimal or integer) and a measurement code. It is recommended using the UN/CEFACT Common Codes [[UNECE-CODES]] for Codes for Units of Measurement used in the International Trade.

It is recommended using the 'kilogram' (kg), as it is the base unit of mass in the International System of Units (SI).

{
    "@type" : "QuantitativeValue",
    "value" : "56.3",
    "unitCode" : "KGM"
}

Other unit codes may be used if needed. Check and select the correspondent code from the UN/CEFACT Common Codes.

Gender

Enumeration of genders with two values:

Code Gender Type
Male Men and/or boys.
Female Women and/or girls.

Competition Feature Type

According to IAAF Rule 132.4, there are official standard abbreviations and symbols used in the preparation of start lists and results.

Code Issue/feature
DNS Did Not Start
DNF Did Not Finish
DQ Disqualified
R Retired from competition
Q Qualified by place (track) or standard (field)
q Qualified by performance (time in timed events and rank in field events)
qR Advanced to next round by Referee
qJ Advanced to next round by Jury of Appeal
> Bent knee (Race walking)
~ Loss of contact (Race walking)
yC yellow Card
yRC Second yellow Card
RC Red Card
Fn False Start
o Clearance (valid trial in Height Events)
- Pass (passed trial in field events)
x Failure (failed trial in field events)
NM No Mark
NH No Height
h Hand-timing
a Automatic timing with no hundredths of a second measured
A Performance achieved at altitude
OT Oversized Track

Category Type

Standard categories are combinations of gender and age-range. The following predefined categories are recognized by IAAF, European Athletics and/or WMA:

Age Range Mixed Male Female
16—17 category:U18 category:U18M category:U18F
18—19 category:U20 category:U20M category:U20F
20—22 category:U23 category:U23M category:U23F
23—34 category:SEN category:SENM category:SENF
35—39 category:V35 category:M35 category:W35
40—44 category:V40 category:M40 category:W40
45—49 category:V45 category:M45 category:W45
50—54 category:V50 category:M50 category:W50
55—59 category:V55 category:M55 category:W55
60—64 category:V60 category:M60 category:W60
65—69 category:V65 category:M65 category:W65
70—74 category:V70 category:M70 category:W70
75—79 category:V75 category:M75 category:W75
80—84 category:V80 category:M80 category:W80
85—89 category:V85 category:M85 category:W85
90—94 category:V90 category:M90 category:W90
95—99 category:V95 category:M95 category:W95
100+ category:V100 category:M100 category:W100

Country

Each country should be represented by an IRI that includes a unique three-character Authority code. It is recommended using the EU Named Authority List (NAL) of Countries, that relays on the ISO 3166-1/alpha-3 positions in case the country is present in the ISO standard. A traceability of this codes creation is ensured and historical relationships are also offered.

The IRI scheme of countries is http://publications.europa.eu/resource/authority/country/{countrycode}. The JSON-LD context enables a countrycode prefix to simplify usage, allowing the use of the following form: 

    countrycode:{countrycode}

For instance: countrycode:ZWE for Zimbabwe, countrycode:ZAF for South Africa and countrycode:TGO for Togo.

Check the full list of authority country codes at http://publications.europa.eu/mdr/resource/authority/country/html/countries-eng.html.

Continent

If we need to represent a supranational spatial coverage (for instance, when defining the areaServed of organisations), it is recommended using the EU Named Authority List (NAL) of Continents. These are be represented in a similar way than countries.

The IRI scheme of continents is http://publications.europa.eu/resource/authority/continent/{continentcode}. The JSON-LD context enables a continent prefix to simplify usage, allowing the use of the following form: 

    continent:{continentcode}

Examples: continent:AFRICA for Africa, continent:AMERICA for America, continent:ANTARCTICA for Antarctica, continent:ASIA for Asia, continent:EUROPE for Europe and continent:OCEANIA for Oceania.

Competition Status

Status of a competition.

Code Class Status
Scheduled schema:EventScheduled Competition is scheduled.
Postponed schema:EventPostponed Competition will be postponed without being rescheduled yet.
Rescheduled schema:EventRescheduled Competition is rescheduled.
Cancelled schema:EventCancelled Competition will not take place (suspended, cancelled, discarded in SportsML)

Record or Best Type

Types of record of best achieved by competitors in competitions.

Code Record Type
WR World Record
=WR Equal World Record
PR Paralympic Record
AF African Record
=AF Equal African Record
AS Asian Record
=AS Equal Asian Record
ER European Record
=ER Equal European Record
AM American Record
=AM Equal American Record
OC Oceania Record
=OC Equal Oceania Record
AR Area (or continental) Record
=AR Equal Area (or continental) Record
NR National Record (for a specific country)
=NR Equal National Record
RR Regional Record
=RR Equal Regional Record
OR Olympic Record
=OR Equal Olympic Record
CR Championship Record
=CR Equal Championship Record
GR Games Record
=GR Equal Games Record
MR Meet Record
=MR Equal Meet Record
DLR Diamond League Record
=DLR Equal Diamond League Record
# indicates a record has not been accepted. The same mark is also used to indicate some sort of irregularity with a result.
X indicates the athlete has been disqualified after the performance
ClubR Club Record

Records can be described by the type of record and the age-range category.

Code Record Type
AJR Area (or continental) Junior Record
=AJR Equal Area (or continental) Junior Record
EUR European U23 Record
=EUR Equal European U23 Record
WJR World Junior Record
=WJR Equal World Junior Record
EJR European Junior Record
=EJR Equal European Junior Record
NUR National U23 Record
=NUR Equal National U23 Record
NJR National Junior Record
=NJR Equal National Junior Record

The concept of 'best' refers to athlete's personal achievements, without setting official records.

Code Best Type
WYB World Youth Best (the best mark achieved by an athlete in the youth age category)
=WYB Equal World Youth Best
WB World Best (the best mark recorded for a non-IAAF world record event)
=WB Equal World Best
PB Personal Best (the best mark achieved by an athlete on a personal level)
=PB Equal Personal Best
SB Seasonal Best (the best mark achieved by an athlete on a personal level within a given season)
=SB Equal Seasonal Best
WL World Leader (the best mark achieved worldwide within a given season)
=WL Equal World Lead
EL European Lead
=EL Equal European Lead
EB European Best
=EB Equal European Best
CB Championship Best Performance
=CB Equal Championship Best Performance

Results Status

Possible status types for results within a competition.

Code Status
results:startList Before competition, Start List
results:live For live updates during competition
results:intermediate When competition is stopped, used at pre-defined points
results:unconfirmed When the unit is over but not yet unofficial or official. Only used if other statuses do not come quickly.
results:unofficial Results of the competition released as soon as the event is over, not waiting any official decision of the International Federation. The correctness of data must be assured.
results:official Results of the competition released as soon as the event is officially confirmed taking into account the resolution of the protests, etc.
results:partial Incomplete list, Final Ranking.
results:protested After the competition is no longer LIVE and a protest has been lodged.

Protest Status

Status of a protest process in a competition.

Code Status
protest:CLS Closed
protest:OPN Open
protest:PND Pending
protest:ROPN Re Open

Competition Type

Type of competition in races, defined by the way of how competitors take part in the competition (against the clock, relays or individual).

Code Type
race:IndividualCompetition Individual Competition
race:RelayCompetition Relay Competition
race:TimeTrialCompetition Time Trial Competition

Multiple types can be specified (e.g., relays time trial races).

Venue Type

Type of stadium, track and/or field where a competition take places.

Code Type
venue:VenueIndoor Indoor venue
venue:VenueOutdoor Outdoor venue

Wind Speed

Like distance, wind speed must be represented by a quantified value, expressing the magnitude and kind of a quantity (unit). Values will be expressed as a numeric value (decimal or integer) and a measurement code. It is recommended using the UN/CEFACT Common Codes [[UNECE-CODES]] for Codes for Units of Measurement used in the International Trade. Typically, in Athletics wind speed assistance is represented in metres per second (m/s), recognized by the International System of Units (SI). 

{
    "@type" : "QuantitativeValue",
    "value" : "0.22",
    "unitCode" : "MTS"
}

Other unit codes, such as knot (KNT) can be used if needed. Check and select the correspondent code from the UN/CEFACT Common Codes list.

Trial Feature Type

Types of features related to field trials.

Code Issue/feature
trial:valid Trial is valid
trial:substitute Substitute trial

Running Track Type

Types of tracks where running races are held.

Code Issue/feature
track:straight Straight track
track:curved Curved track

Person Roles

Roles of persons involved in a competition, according to the IOC ODF.

Code Role
role:A Athlete
role:C Coach
role:G Guide (Paralympics only)
role:J Judge
role:S Technical Official (not Judge)
role:T Team Official (not Coach)