W3C

Publishing Maintenance Working Group Telco

04 September 2025

Attendees

Present
Brady Duga, Charles LaPierre, Dale Rogers, Gautier Chomel, Gregorio Pellegrino, Ivan Herman, Laurent Le Meur, Masakazu Kitahara, Matt Garrish, Shinya Takami, Susan Neuhaus, Toshiaki Koike, Wendy Reid
Regrets
-
Chair
Susan Neuhaus
Scribe
Matt Garrish, Wendy Reid

Meeting minutes

Reading System Participation

Wendy Reid: talked about this last week - I've reached out to a couple of people to fill in the survey

Wendy Reid: I've reached out to some AC reps and at least one has indicated they will get someone to respond

PR 2771 - w3c/epub-specs#2771

<Ivan Herman> w3c/epub-specs#2762

Ivan Herman: the reason this is started is because of me - there is a common thread in a number of issues e.g. in the dark mode thread
… this is about the relationship between the author and reading system - author spending time on css and rs invalidate what they do
… we use html5 and css so styling is better than epub2 had
… I opened a pull request to start to put in some hints for reading systems in both authoring and rs specs about the way they would/should/might handle author css
… the ship has sailed on changing reading systems - rses have taken the lead on rendering and control over things like margins, fonts, etc.
… the pull request is still open but in the authoring spec we have added some statements warning authors some of their styling will be overwritten
… and the hope is that at least some reading systems will publish their styling so that authors can find out what happens without experimentation
… the other aspect is to ask reading system devs to give the option to the user to have the author's styling dominate
… apple reader offers a choice for an original view but I haven't tested it too much
… I don't think we can do what I'd prefer to give whole power to the authors

Matt Garrish: I think that mostly covers where we are, the disagreement is on how the affordance works, is it specced out well enough
… it's somewhat implemented, but is it repeatable?
… that is as far as we've gotten now, is it realistic and how does it work

Ivan Herman: we looked at both the css sections in both specs and the text came from earlier versions of epub and the meaning is not really clear
… the pr fixes some of those ambiguities

Laurent Le Meur: when reading systems add some css to the author it's because they have to normalize all the peculiarities
… it is difficult to remove the rs css - it will break the view if you take out too much
… most reading systems try to make a minimal changes as possible
… apple is not the only one to offer to go back to author styling
… thorium offers an option to get back to author css but still with the required optimizations done
… having a public reading system css would be good but I expect only open source ones will do so

Brady Duga: +1000 to laurent - the css reading systems add is to take the book from looking like garbage - without margins text would be a complete mess
… you keep adding css until the content looks good on your system
… the author doesn't know the problems of a device because the rs makes it look legible
… if we give the author complete control then the content will not render as they expect
… I do see where it does make sense like on fonts although even then publishers don't care too much and users tend to not want fonts changed from their preference
… publisher intent for font size is not always clear so google, for example, will figure out an optimal 100% size based on the device
… play books has a true original mode where you can see the content down to the page breaks and no one uses it because it's unreadable on their phone
… people who have found this feature have called support because they can't figure out how to get out the rendering
… adding a flag to get rid of the effort to make the content readable is strange - but if we really feel it is important as an optional feature okay as it is vague enough

Susan Neuhaus: I agree with brady about some aspects of author intent - author's don't always care about font
… margins and text size should be calculated to the device
… but sometimes authors want indented text, text to look like it's handwritten, especially in YA text
… sometimes they want a background to make it look like it was typed in a phone
… would it be possible to separate out the parts the reading system takes responsibility for and what authors can use css to customize

Ivan Herman: this looks and sounds like a cultural difference - everything that Brady says could have been said by browser vendors to justify changing web sites
… no browser does this, outside perhaps of reading mode
… pagination is special to epub and I understand that part
… but why such a huge difference from the web for everything else - could be cultural

Ivan Herman: how do fixed layouts get published if reading systems override their settings?

<Laurent Le Meur> FXL is totallty different. The RS does not normalizes.

Wendy Reid: reading systems pay far more attention to FXL than reflow
… I agree with most of what Brady said but kobo respects much more of the original rendering
… one of the big challenges is making content work for so many devices
… because publishers convert from print they think about print pagination and don't think about phone displays, for example
… publishers aren't always considering every device their content will render on
… but there must be a balance we can strike between publisher and rs
… fonts is a case where sometimes it doesn't matter but sometimes it does and you need to see the differences
… but how do we sort through all the properties to determine what is important and what is not
… maybe this should be best practice styling recommendations that we know work well

Brady Duga: I think font is one of the more important ones that get changed and why reading systems differ from browsers
… it is problematic to overwrite math fonts or handwritten fonts but we don't want to use fonts like roboto
… what play books does is parses all the font rules and inserts a better font before a generic one
… you can't do that with the css cascade so you have to edit the css to do that
… a browser is a user agent but a reading system has a user agent - if you don't intercept you can't make the fix
… I have read books with different fonts and indents but we spent a lot of time making the outer margins work so the inner ones look good
… in terms of fixed layout we don't do anything - we don't let you change fonts or alter the styling
… we have an entire task force on fxl accessibility and it's still hard to read even for sighted people
… our culture is different because we have to show books created twenty years ago and make them look like they were created today
… you also don't go to the chrome store and buy a web site and be okay with it looking like crap

<Susan Neuhaus> +1 Brady on business model differences between the web and the RS

Brady Duga: if your competitor's product looks better than you lose business

Dale Rogers: I know content creators might create epubs with pages or indesign and never get under the hood to see the css
… so I understand what brady is saying about having to deal with content that was created by these programs from years ago
… the validator will tell me if it's conforming but I don't know all of what it checks
… but how does the author know what is the best practice for different reading systems - we follow the spec and hope for the best
… is there a css validator that checks if it will be problematic with different reading systems?
… I wonder if it would be helpful if we knew ahead of time how reading systems work and what css will work - is that a possibility?

Gautier Chomel: ebooks are not updated as often as web sites - it is easier to update a web site
… as a publisher I want my css to be as simple as possible
… on the web designers have media queries to target different displays
… not sure I want to have to do that for reading systems
… I have not heard any complaints about this topic from french publishers but I will ask them
… we need more industry voices in this group to understand whether this is an individual or industry issue

Susan Neuhaus: I'm interested in whether this is an industry issue - reading systems seem to have taken the issue in stride - more voices would be better

Laurent Le Meur: we should have some authoring recommendations like choosing fonts wisely

<Susan Neuhaus> +1 Laurent

Laurent Le Meur: authors also don't follow some rules to make epubs - make we need more rules in the spec or a supplemental document

<Gautier Chomel> https://readium.org/css/docs/

Gautier Chomel: adding a link to the readium css
… ten years ago it was more problematic but now if I don't do strange things the display is good
… I don't even update books yearly - I want my content to display well for years to come

Brady Duga: it's great that readium publishes this but how many authors go through the css?
… if we find problems we typically go back to the publisher and request that they fix it
… the problem is they often come back and say it works on ibooks and then we have to recreate someone else's display to make the author content look right
… if I still worked at play books it would have fallen on me to publish the css but would anyone have looked or cared?
… the response will likely remain it works elsewhere to make it work - but I might be pessimistic

Wendy Reid: I've had the same experience as brady - but as gautier said things have gotten better
… books made twenty years ago were really poor quality but today they are quite good
… if we tell people what to do now they may already have figured these things out
… it would be great if authoring tools could warn users about display choices that are really going to make a mess
… but we're not quite there and that may be where best practices come in

Susan Neuhaus: agree with directing tool makers to the reading system css than authors
… flightdeck is an online tool you subscribe to monthly and they will tell you if a book will work

<Susan Neuhaus> https://ebookflightdeck.com/

Susan Neuhaus: they have a supplier-compliant matrix for checking

Laurent Le Meur: some publishers do test with thorium css and not just ibooks

Dale Rogers: I'm wondering if authors did not include css and did everything in markup would that show up fine or do reading systems expect some css?

Wendy Reid: we generally expect at least some css but reading systems will handle a book without any - some things like asides will need styling to differentiate

Brady Duga: if you look back at books from 20 years ago they didn't have much css and they display fine

Ivan Herman: so where do we go from here?
… I think matt and I are at the last round of discussion with the PR
… I don't think we should merge it as-is but get more people to look at it
… it is much better than it used to be but in light of the discussion today we should get more review
… to respond to gauitier I was wondering if media queries would cover all the cases we are concerned about
… maybe we should discuss with the css people in Kobe whether there are media queries that are reading system specific

Brady Duga: the biggest thing missing is the knowledge of a page and from media queries is page size
… it's probably not solvable from the css side because they have pages but no one uses them

Wendy Reid: when I asked about colour issues they directed me to their issue tracker - maybe we could ask about this as they have more pull with browsers
… in terms of next steps the PR is not the direction we want to take
… the text improvements are okay but not recommendations

Ivan Herman: there are no new normative requirements in the text

w3c/epub-specs#2762

Wendy Reid: people can use the issue to discuss further

Minutes manually created (not a transcript), formatted by scribe.perl version 244 (Thu Feb 27 01:23:09 2025 UTC).