W3C

Publishing Maintenance Working Group Telco

18 September 2025

Attendees

Present
AvneeshSingh, CharlesL, Dale, duga, George, gpellegrino, Hadrien, ikkwong, ivan, kimberg, LaurentLM, MasakazuKitahara, mgarrish, shiestyle, SueNeu, wendyreid
Regrets
gautierchomel, toshiakikoike
Chair
wendy
Scribe
duga, wendyreid

Meeting minutes

<gpellegrino> 1 chocolate egg for Brady

ikkwong: Introduce Dan Kimberg from Google who will be the regular attendee

Survey Update

wendyreid: Survey closed over the weekend
… Good responses, but we are still reaching out to a few entities to see if they have feedback
… then we will summarize over the next few weeks
… We have almost 100, and we will share a member only link so we can see them

duga: Who will summarize?

wendyreid: Chairs

ikkwong: The link we share will be the anonymized version, the originals will be discarded as they have PII

Issue 2526 - w3c/epub-specs#2526

wendyreid: a11y task for has some issues for us
… in 1.1 we dropped summary to recommendation, so we are getting ISO to make summary 1.0 optional
… this change is just doing the same thing for the w3c version
… I just want to make sure we have agreement before releasing the errata

<wendyreid> Proposed: Update EPUB Accessibility 1.0 to align with EPUB Accessibility 1.1, close issue 2526.

<George> +1

<mgarrish> +1

<SueNeu> +1

<MasakazuKitahara> +1

<shiestyle> +1

<gpellegrino> +1

<duga> +1

<AvneeshSingh> +1

<CharlesL> +1

<wendyreid> +1

<Hadrien> +1

wendyreid: Please vote

<ivan> +1

<Dale> +1

RESOLUTION: Update EPUB Accessibility 1.0 to align with EPUB Accessibility 1.1, close issue 2526.

Change EPUB Accessibility version to 1.2 - PR w3c/epub-specs#2790

mgarrish: We weren't sure if we needed to update the version number (have to fiddle with all refs)
… but then we made some changes, and we need it for this change, so it makes sense to update to 1.2 now

gpellegrino: I added a comment about EU that is currently referencing 1.1
… But I just checked with them and it looks ok, so no red flag

ivan: We are increasing the version for 2 documents, right? So we have to update short names, etc, for both of them

wendyreid: 2 documents?

mgarrish: Yeah, there is also the techniques document

ivan: Can we forget 1.1.1?

AvneeshSingh: We can forget 1.1.1. We wanted either 1.2 or 1.1.1, we decided on 1.2

mgarrish: Do you mean just add this to the change log?

ivan: No, I mean in the generated history. Should it start with 1.1.1 or 1.2?

mgarrish: No we need the history since it is part of the change

ivan: So we need to change from 1.1.1, and I need to tell the webmasters this, so it must be in the resolution

<wendyreid> Proposed: Change the version number of EPUB Accessibility and EPUB Accessibility Techniques 1.1.1 to 1.2, with new shortnames epub-a11y-12 and epub-a11y-tech-12, and the publication history listing 1.1.1 as the previous version. Publish a FPWD for both.

<mgarrish> +1

<CharlesL> +1

<duga> +1

<George> +1

<SueNeu> +1

<ivan> +1

<shiestyle> +1

<MasakazuKitahara> +1

<wendyreid> +1

<gpellegrino> +1

<AvneeshSingh> +1

<Dale> +1

RESOLUTION: Change the version number of EPUB Accessibility and EPUB Accessibility Techniques 1.1.1 to 1.2, with new shortnames epub-a11y-12 and epub-a11y-tech-12, and the publication history listing 1.1.1 as the previous version. Publish a FPWD for both.

Discuss bitmaps in spine - w3c/epub-specs#2792

wendyreid: I don't think we will resolve this today, but we need to start the discussion now

Hadrien: When we look at comics, the vast majority use bitmaps
… by which I mean 1 image per page
… very simple xhtml, no alt text
… We have seen images in spine with fallback to html, or vice versa (fallbacks to images)
… This is largely for performance
… custom comics readers are often optimized for images
… Those reading systems try to guess what is a comic
… While discussing continuous scroll we want those in the xhtml, which makes things more complicated
… But that isn't what authors make, they just want bitmaps
… the xhtml is just an added step
… There are a few ways to handle that, that is the topic for today

shiestyle: Japan has a huge comic marketplace
… Many readers just extract images from the epub, and they never display the xhtml
… So even if we added text to those comics, the readers would skip it
… So this isn't really for a11y in Japan
… so if we focus on Manga and comics, this would simplify things

wendyreid: We talked recently about fallbacks, but it seems that fallbacks weren't meant for this
… it was to fix missing features
… This seems more like an alternative, maybe we should have a better way of specifying alternatives
… Especially one with a way to indicate what the alternative is for

gpellegrino: I agree
… I think introducing this feature as it is may create issues on horizontal review
… I also don't think fallbacks are a solution
… we need a method that meets the exit criteria
… we all agree that descriptions is not a good solution for comics, but it is what we have right now

duga: I don't know if its true that fallbacks were never designed for alternatives, there was a concept of it at the time
… but there wasn't clarity, it was a possible use, but we could find a better option than fallbacks for this
… I wanted to ask what the explicit solution being propose for this solution, images in spine, with xhtml as a fallback, does the xhtml have the image or just text that says "sorry!"

Hadrien: The reality is we are not just allowed to put images in spine with no fallbacks
… so you need a fallback for compliance, and many do that now
… or wrap in svg, etc
… I don't think the spec has to say anything about what is in the fallback
… I don't think can write strong language about what should be in the fallback
… e.g. for continuous scroll, we might want a single document fallback, but we can't do that now
… Comics creators and viewers would like to not bother
… alternatives vs fallbacks might not want to be in this discussion
… there are a lot of edge cases for alternatives, like one to many, atc
… I think alternatives should be raised in a new issue if we want to have that discussion

mgarrish: Fallbacks aren't perfect, like having to repeat the same document multiple times
… we almost need parallel spines. Similar to collections
… I don't know what the ideal is
… The inaccessible content I don't understand - you can always do that
… just so long as it is possible then we are good

ivan: We have no problem with svg in spine, since there is a method for adding a11y info
… but there are bitmap formats that allow adding alternative text the same way SVG does
… e.g. XMP
… I don't know how good the support is for this, but on paper it works

Hadrien: That is a possibility, or we can add data to the OPF via refines
… We might want this for other things like dimensions
… SVG isn't something comic authors want to work with
… Not a common output format for comics
… Accessible comments won't really be solved with alternatives
… to really do it we need image fragments with text, audio, taactice, et
… We have recently made a proposal about this
… but this will take a lot of time and effort

George: I don't think we will just make comics accessible
… I wonder if metadata in the OPF would say this is not accessible, or if an accessible version exists a way to point at it
… I don't think these will ever be merged (there will be 2 versions of the comic)

wendyreid: We can't reduce a11y to alt text, that is just one affordance
… Alt text for a comic can be huge, so it can't easily go in the spine
… we have a challenge as we are limited in certain ways about how to add things to a package

CharlesL: I hear you about alt text, but if we just allowed it wouldn't we be 90% of the way there?
… [breaking up]
… I think as a stopgap the alt text and image size could be a short term win, and work on other solutions in parallel (over years)

SueNeu: Q about image size in spine
… How does that play into multiple screen sizes or orientations?
… is this percent or em or pixels?

Hadrien: I don't think this is any impact. Same as having images in the xhtml

<ivan> +1 to Dale

Dale: In web design there is a lot of effort in separating structure from presentation
… I view the spine as structure, would adding this to the spine blur that line?
… Should we consider if there is a more elegant way to do that?

AvneeshSingh: First, as gpellegrino said, we need to pass horizontal review
… So there has to be a way to inject accessible data
… as to structure, we already have other ways of adding things to the package, but in this case the data should be in the manifest, not the spine

ivan: On the size issue, any lib can extract this from the image itself

mgarrish: We experimented with dimensions in the metadata, but in the end we dumped that
… Not sure why we want to reopen that door. It didn't work the first time

wendyreid: You can extract from the images, but we used to have issues where if the viewport size was different across images then only the first was taken
… but this may have been a performance issue
… And yes, you can extract from the file, but it means you have to have it first

<AvneeshSingh> +1 size information prevents reading file for this information.

wendyreid: So there may be some validity to having it in the spine

Dale: Following on SueNeu, if we grab info out of the image file it is pixel
… For instance, my image may be larger for zooming reasons, and then it will be made smaller for display
… from a design point of view, given just one size is very limiting
… This goes back to telling a story, what can designers/authors do
… I don't want to lose the viewport from the creation side

Hadrien: I just want to point out, we removed dimension from OPF, but it is currently forced in every xhtml page
… That is a pain today
… Having the data in the manifest helps with streaming
… , but they problem when it is in the opf is when it is wrong
… So most implementations extract the data themselves, including the size info
… and then the epub is discarded

duga: I'm just echoing Hadrien, the issue with putting it in the spine, it might be wrong, reading systems won't know what to do when it is wrong, who should you trust?
… trust the spine, the xhtml, the image itself?

wendyreid: Good discussion, I will open an alternatives discussion

ivan: To move forward, I would like to see a more detailed proposal
… doesn't have to be a full PR, but I would like to understand the exact changes we are considering

Hadrien: Would you like me to keep the same PR, or another, or just a summary?
… It sounds like people may be more open to images with no fallback, but I don't know what that looks like
… for instance xmp, etc

ivan: Maybe just a rightup with these are the possibilities. Really just a collection of summaries so we can understand what the options are
… I won't be on the next call, but in two weeks I will have that summary. And maybe we can bikeshed on naming more

Summary of resolutions

  1. Update EPUB Accessibility 1.0 to align with EPUB Accessibility 1.1, close issue 2526.
  2. Change the version number of EPUB Accessibility and EPUB Accessibility Techniques 1.1.1 to 1.2, with new shortnames epub-a11y-12 and epub-a11y-tech-12, and the publication history listing 1.1.1 as the previous version. Publish a FPWD for both.
Minutes manually created (not a transcript), formatted by scribe.perl version 244 (Thu Feb 27 01:23:09 2025 UTC).