W3C

Publishing Maintenance Working Group Telco

09 October 2025

Attendees

Present
Avneesh Singh, Charles LaPierre, Brady Duga, Elizabeth Kraler, Hadrien Gardeur, Ivan Herman, Daniel Kimberg, Masakazu Kitahara, Matt Garrish, Romain Deltour, Shinya Takami, Susan Neuhaus, Toshiaki Koike, Wendy Reid
Regrets
Dale Rogers, Gautier Chomel, Laurent Le Meur
Chair
Susan Neuhaus, Wendy Reid
Scribe
Susan Neuhaus, Wendy Reid

Meeting minutes

Topics for F2F - https://github.com/w3c/epub-specs/discussions/2815

Wendy Reid: We created a discussion in Github for topics for the f2f

Hadrien Gardeur: There are many publishers/distributers who are doing remediation for accessibility
… sometimes they generate the image description or infer metadata
… this is important right now, because there is no way to indicate that the descriptions and metadata have been generated
… mostly an accessibility issue
… similar to another topic, the ability to identify synthesized voices
… overall how do we indicate that something was generated in EPUB

Wendy Reid: we can include that too

Ivan Herman: we had some discussion about the publication manifest

Font Obfuscation - w3c/epub-specs#2807

<Ivan Herman> w3c/epub-specs#2814

Ivan Herman: I started this discussion and it took an unexpected turn
… I was reviewing another PR and realized that the obfuscation section uses a SHA1 for hashing
… I realized that SHA is one of the algorithm that is considered out of date
… because of security issues and lack of unique hashes
… [1] will retire SHA1 soon which leads to governments and other orgs
… not being able to use it
… I proposed that we update the version of SHA
… Brady saw this as an opportunity to retire obfuscation from the spec
… not 100% because we have to be backward compatible
… we can add text saying that people should avoid using obfuscation
… and use WOFF fonts
… in the discussion there was agreement that this is the way to go
… mattgarish has already made a PR
… that includes other obsolete but still usable section
… these are not specifically deprecated
… we ask that people not use these technologies but reading systems with continue to understand them
… do we want to remove obfuscation in 3.4, and include the new section?
… it makes sense to move older features to a separate section
… it cleans up the spec, we don't have to keep all the font obfuscation specs for ever for example

Brady Duga: I thinks its better to use WOFF fonts than to rewrite the obfuscation spec
… the reality is that SHA1 isn't broken, there is no maintenance required
… just some won't use it

'…it is not the end of the world if we choose to do nothing
… it is still used. So it is a little weird if one of the major tools, InDesign, still uses obfuscation
… it still makes sense to move it into older features

<Wendy Reid> s/'.../...

Susan Neuhaus: Can confirm, Adobe Indesign still produces font obfuscation

Ivan Herman: leonard did chime in on the thread and said he didn't see any reason we couldn't go ahead with WOFF fonts
… perhaps this is an incentive for InDesign to change

wendreid: are we all in agreement that we are deprecating font obfuscation?

Brady Duga: is deprecate the right term?

Matt Garrish: obsolete but conforming is what is used now

Ivan Herman: the question we also have to answer is what do we expect epub check to do if it sees obfuscation?

Matt Garrish: right now, we expect it to say nothing as long as it is used correctly

Proposed: Make font obfuscation an obsolete but conforming EPUB feature in EPUB 3.4.

<Shinya Takami> +1

<Romain Deltour> +1

<Brady Duga> +1

<Matt Garrish> +1

<Ivan Herman> +1

<Susan Neuhaus> +1

<Toshiaki Koike> +1

<Hadrien Gardeur> +1

<Wendy Reid> +1

<Masakazu Kitahara> +1

<Charles LaPierre> +1

<Susan Neuhaus> s/mattgarrish /Matt Garrish

RESOLUTION: Make font obfuscation an obsolete but conforming EPUB feature in EPUB 3.4.

Wendy Reid: resolved

Charles LaPierre: do we have anything that lists all the features that are OK but can't really be used anymore from EPUB check?
… can it give a publisher a list of things they shouldn't be doing the future

rdetour: ordinarily we issue a note that they should not use these features

Alternatives in spine - w3c/epub-specs#2806

<Susan Neuhaus> s/redetour /Romain Deltour

Wendy Reid: there was some discussion on this issue, so we need something in the spine
… besides fallback, that indicates something has an alternative
… we've had a lot of ideas about this
… including mapping between resources using something like SMIL
… I wonder if this creates other issues especially with overlay files

Hadrien Gardeur: A good number of people have been using fall backs for this, particularly for comics
… I don't know if these is part of the main spec or part of the comics group
… it isn't good if something is widely used but not mentioned in the spec
… I think of newspapers and magazines where this is widely used
… I've seen this implemented as getting a list of alternatives like Libby app in the US/Canada
… it is not a one-to-one mapping
… for some publications you could tap on the article and it would open in another view
… to do something like Libby we wouldn't need SMIL
… to do a one to one mapping we would need something more like SMIL, Rendition mapping or region mapping
… there are a lot of organizations that do this with EPUB or PDF. They've invented their own way to do this
… as an extension of the spec to enhance newspapers and magazines as fixed layout epubs

Wendy Reid: If I understand correctly, you're saying there is a missing thread
… we could continue to let people use fallbacks but we need some way of indicating why they are being used
… we could extend properties or add something new that says the fallback is being used as an alternative
… at large many reading systems may not see the fallback that way and won't provide the necessary UI

Hadrien Gardeur: fallbacks wouldn't cover the Libby use case
… fallbacks have mostly been used because we don't allow images in the spine
… for what you've described, we do have multiple renditions, though I am not a fan
… I'm not sure it has ever been implemented by anyone other that B&N
… if we want this kind of concept, we could reopen multiple renditions or we could use collection
… I'm worried about introducing something new. We could start with what is in our spec
… because something new may never be implemented

Brady Duga: I have a question, this came from the fxl group, but are there other use cases?
… are we trying to fix this in committee without going to the people who are trying this

Hadrien Gardeur: yes, people who are members of EDRLab are already doing this
… mostly in newspapers, magazines and textbooks

Wendy Reid: there are tool makers who are also trying to solve this
… and there isn't a lot of clarity for fxl accessibility
… and reading systems aren't jumping on this either
… no one really knows what an accessible fxl book looks like
… there's no reason why this isn't possible, we've seen examples in closed instances
… people aren't doing this on a large scale
… the push for this in 3.4 is that publishing moves slowly and this will be needed

Hadrien Gardeur: we could invite people building these tools or using this content to the task force
… so they could give us a better understanding and we could identify the needs
… do we just need to map between resources or fragments?
… what are the criteria for need these alternates?
… before we push solutions
… I can try to get this in place before heading to Japan

Avneesh Singh: it would be great to get the use cases in place first
… the main use case in DAISY is braille vs text
… and demand is coming back for this

Ivan Herman: let's suppose multiple renditions is still in use. Would we be OK with that

Hadrien Gardeur: that's a tough question. I don't prefer that. It wouldn't be good enough even if some parts are good enough to sue
… I'm pretty sure major changes would be required if we decided to go to Multiple renditions again

Ivan Herman: what I am afraid of is that we are reinventing the wheel, and a wheel we already have
… are we repeating a lot of work others have already done for us

Wendy Reid: I don't know multiple renditions well, and have never seen one in action
… I understand that multiple versions of the epub are in the same file
… are they completely separate? Can you switch between them? or view them simultaneously?
… in fxl a11y there is a need to see things at the same time
… for instance you can see the full page image but still read the text in a way that can be adjusted for size etc

Hadrien Gardeur: you can think of multiple renditions as multiple items in the same file
… rendition mapping is used to link resources among different documents
… that's the part I think is not so great right now
… the worst part of multiple renditions is the mapping part

Wendy Reid: I notice the reading system conformance instruction is that RS must support switching between renditions
… so it would address the use case I mentioned above
… is your problem with CFI?

Hadrien Gardeur: I don't know why CFI is used so heavily
… I may be able to find my arguments against it

Ivan Herman: if you use epub CFI to point to a resource or part of a resource
… we are working on something like this in the annotation task force
… perhaps we could use what we come up with in the annotation TF instead of CFI?

Hadrien Gardeur: we may not need the complexity that is needed in annotation anchoring

Brady Duga: you only need fancy things like CFI if you don't control the publication
… so we could get rid of that
… are we reworking multiple renditions?
… and CFI?

Wendy Reid: maybe the new way of targeting text fragments is better than CFI

Brady Duga: we could talk about CFI all day

Wendy Reid: I am convinced that some of our ideas that aren't still used were just ahead of their time.
… we will continue talking about this. EPUB 3.4 is going to be the big fxl revision
… it would be helpful to get any feedback you can get

Hadrien Gardeur: I will go back to people and ask if they are comfortable talking about it publicly

Wendy Reid: please add any ideas you have for the f2f
… we are trying to schedule a meeting with APA before TPAC

Summary of resolutions

  1. Make font obfuscation an obsolete but conforming EPUB feature in EPUB 3.4.
Minutes manually created (not a transcript), formatted by scribe.perl version 246 (Wed Oct 1 15:02:24 2025 UTC).