[!CAUTION]
Resources are for information purposes only, no endorsement is implied. Neither the W3C nor the Sustainable Web Interest Group can guarantee the sustainability of these external resources.
Implementations
- Carbonless - Sustainability scanner, which integrates WSG into its recommendations.
- Digital Sustainability Policy Guide - Web sustainability laws, standards, and guidelines.
- Ecograder - Mightybytes implements WSG recommendations within their scanner.
- Ecolens - Benchmark and improve a projects sustainability (mentions WSG).
- eslint-plugin-sustainable - An abandoned attempt to include WSG within ESLint tooling.
- GreenSyncWeb [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] - This is a tool philosophically built around WSG’s model.
- James Chudley [1, 2, 3, 4] - WSG Checklist, Progress Tracker, & Maturity tool.
- Liip [1, 2] - An internal tool built for their clients that includes WSG compliance.
- Mike Gifford [1, 2] - He has created two WSG-based tools using the JSON API.
- Screen Span - A now broken experiment, it loaded guidelines from our JSON API.
- StratML - Implementation of our specification in an open XML format for researchers.
- Sustainable Web Design - Implementation of the JSON API alongside other info.
- Torchbox - They have been working on tooling that is inspired by our specification.
- Web Sustainability 4 U - A great lightweight, searchable implementation of WSGs.
- Web Sustainability Guidelines - Another implementation of our work in practice.
- Web Sustainability Guidelines Checklist - Nicolas of LowwwImpact created this tool!
- Web Sustainability Index - Tooling for measurement that is based upon the WSGs.
- WSG Check - A lightweight, open source WSG scanner that can identify issues.
- WSG Facts - Statistics about the Sustainable Web Interest Group and WSG.
- WSG-O-Matic [1, 2] - Provides a random guideline for you to tackle, one at a time.
- WSG Report and Statement Tool - Creates reports equivalent to WCAG-EM tool.
Books, Reports, etc
- Building the Sustainable Web [Source]
- Further Aligning W3C’s Program of Technical Work with Human Rights [Source]
- GSF SCI for Web [Source, Report, Details, Post]
- User Experience Design und Sustainability [Source]
Papers
- Accessibility and Energy Efficiency in Sustainable Web Design [Source]
- Activating sustainability in the design process [Source]
- An empirical study on the performance and energy costs of ads and analytics in mobile web apps [Source]
- “As an individual, I suppose you can’t really do much”: Environmental Sustainability Perceptions of Machine Learning Practitioners [Source]
- Assessing the Digital Repository : Holistic Evaluation of a Language Documentation Technology [Source]
- Assessing the energy impact of website optimizations [Source]
- Beyond the map: A sustainability and carbon footprint audit of public geoportals [Source]
- Building a Sustainable ICT Ecosystem [Source]
- Current Challenges and Barriers in Sustainable Web Design: A Qualitative Study [Source]
- Developing Structured Technical Documentation for Accessibility in Web Applications [Source]
- The Digital Environmental Impact of Companies and Organizations: A Survey with a Focus on Graphic Elements in Sustainable Web Design [Source]
- Digital Sustainability [Source]
- Docs-as-Care: Documentation as an Expression of Care and Stewardship in Organizational Practice [Source]
- Du Low Code au Green Code : concepts, méthodes et outils [Source]
- EcoAssist: Embedding Sustainability into AI-Assisted Frontend Development [Source, Article]
- Екодизайн програмного забезпечення: від вимог до експлуатації [Source]
- Empfehlungen für UX Design for Sustainability [Source]
- Entwicklung eines Werkzeugs zur Reduzierung des Energieverbrauchs von Websites durch statische Code-Analyse [Source]
- Environmental Sustainability Perceptions of Machine Learning Practitioners [Source]
- Ethics for Design Students: A Framework of Ethical Competence to Scaffold Course Planning [Source]
- Evaluasi Desain UI/UX Berkelanjutan pada Aplikasi Carbon Calculator Menggunakan IBM Design Checklist for Sustainability [Source]
- Exploring the principles of sustainable UX/UI design in greek e-commerce websites: The perspective of Generation Z [Source]
- FAIR+S: A validation study of a framework for sustainable research data and software [Source]
- A Framework for Sustainable Web Design in the Era of Digital Transformation [Source]
- Goal Setting for Carbon Footprint Reduction Integrated into Web Development Toolchains [Source]
- Green Web Development Towards Sustainable And Eco-Friendly Internet [Source]
- GreenZ: A Sustainable UX Framework for Complex Digital Systems [Source]
- The growing environmental impact of COP websites: An analysis of UNFCCC COP host country websites (1995–2025) [Source]
- How Interface Design Choices Lead to Indirect Environmental Impacts Through Use Intensification [Source]
- The Impact Of Green IT On Organizational Performance: An Empirical Study Of Sustainable Practices [Source]
- Inclusive Practices Reflective Report [Source]
- Kaltana: Formació en línia d’educació per una cultura de pau [Source, Materials]
- Kestävä ja vastuullinen verkkokauppa : huomioitavat tekijät suunnittelussa ja toteutuksessa [Source]
- Making transparent, verifiable sustainability claims on the web with carbon.txt and DIST [Source]
- Navigating sustainability : Understanding user experience and credibility of sustainable web design [Source]
- Nessi. Appunti per l’ecosistema digitale dell’università [Source]
- On the sustainability of digital media [Source]
- Proceedings of the FIREtalk Conference - Research on FIRE! [Source]
- Progettare ecosistemi educativi ispirati alla natura. La piattaforma Canòpia per le scuole [Source]
- Regrowing a greener web [Source]
- Reducing Emissions, Enhancing Experience: The Impact of Sustainable Web Design in UX [Source]
- Review of Web Analytic tools for eco-conception [Source]
- The Role of User Experience Design in Advancing Digital Sustainability [Source]
- s12y: Développement d’applications durables [Source]
- SCOPES: System Conscious Of Potential Energy Saving [Source]
- Software ecodesign: from requirements to operation [Source]
- The State of the Internet in France [Source]
- “Stop Trying to Make Fetch Happen”: Towards a Modality-Aware Understanding of Unnecessary Resources on the Web [Source]
- Sustainability Audit of University Websites in Poland: Analysing Carbon Footprint and Sustainable Design Conformity [Source]
- Sustainability in ICT procurement and sourcing [Source]
- Sustainability in Ultra-Large-Scale-Systems [Source]
- Sustainable Design: From Principles to Practice in Design Education [Source]
- Sustainable digital design - integrating environmental considerations in the digital design process [Source]
- Sustainable Web Design Guidelines [Source]
- Teaching Energy Reduction in Interface Design by Heuristic Evaluation [Source]
- Toward a Greener Web: A Systematic Literature Review of Sustainable Practices in Web Development [Source]
- Towards Sustainable Web Design: Incorporating Eco-Friendly Guidelines in UX [Source]
- Understanding and Mitigating Webpage Data Bloat: Causes and Preventive Measures [Source]
- Wasteback Machine: a method for quantitative measurement of the archived web [Source]
- Website Carbon Impact [Source]
Adoption
10x (US Gov),
Agitate,
Aline,
Alfgundersen,
Alverdae,
Amandas Web,
Bristol University,
Cantankerous Coder,
CPSA,
Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences,
Defra [1, 2],
Digital Gene,
Dizparc,
Ecologists Without Borders Association,
Edinburgh University [1, 2, 3, 4, 5],
Enjoy Digital,
Esatto,
Finder Design,
Forum One,
Groove Digital,
Hasi,
Howlround,
ILFU,
Interdato,
IT4Future,
Jonathan Maillefaud,
Kirkstall Art Trail,
Kojordan,
Liip [1, 2],
LifeCenteredDesign,
Lime Soda,
ManyFold [1, 2],
Mightybytes,
NHS,
NTNU [1, 2],
OnePointFive,
Oynk [1, 2, 3],
Pixel Fridge [1, 2],
Sober,
Studio 24 [1, 2, 3],
Supercool,
Sustainable Screens Scotland,
Team Neusta,
Team UX [1, 2],
Torchbox,
TSMC,
Ufmedia,
Ulrike Uhlig,
Umbraco,
University of Minnesota,
UnSchool of Disruptive Design,
Valu,
Wagtail
Articles
- 0-9:
21CTO,
24 Days In,
24 Jours De Web
- A:
Abstrakt,
Aburo,
Adresso,
Adrian Roselli,
Agnikii,
Alan W Smith,
Alessandro Maggioni,
AllConsultingFirms,
Andy Blum [1, 2],
APIDots,
AppMaster,
AppYuser,
ArbolDigital,
Arts Professionals,
Association for Learning Technology,
Astrid Poot,
Auda,
Aufait UX
- B:
B The Change [1, 2],
Ballyhoo,
BBC R&D,
bbioonThemes,
Beach,
Behnosh Najafi,
Bejamas,
BenWeb,
Big Mouth,
BitMAT Edizioni,
Blushush,
Booknet Canada,
Brainiac Media,
Branch [1, 2, 3, 4],
Burnworks,
By Intention
- C:
Cade,
Cardan,
Carlos Octavio Graffi,
Cerovac,
Chitch,
Circular Design,
Clever Age [1, 2],
CivicActions,
Climate Action.tech,
Climate Conversation Recap,
Cloud Fusion,
CMS Critic,
Collector Canvas,
Computer Weekly,
Concetti Contrastivi,
Connective Web Design,
Constructive,
Craft Code [1, 2],
Clever Age,
Creatop,
CSS In Real Life,
Culture Hive,
Customer Science
- D:
datensm.art,
Design Futures,
Design Whine,
Digital Services Coalition,
Digitalist,
DigitalThrive,
Distributed Digital,
Drezner Digital,
The Drop Times,
Drupal [1, 2],
Dubbot,
DZGND.studio
- E:
EBM,
Eco Leads,
EcoWebLab,
Ekino,
Electro Strategy,
The Ethical Agency [1, 2],
Extra Mile Digital
- F:
Fastly [1, 2],
FelixOnline,
Fershad Irani [1, 2, 3, 4],
Fiona MacNeill,
From Bytes To Trees
- G:
GitHub,
Google,
Green Compute UK,
Greenspector [1, 2, 3],
Grip On Minds [1, 2],
GrowBetter,
GSF,
GWF [1, 2, 3]
- H:
Habr,
HackMD,
Harvey Banham,
HdK,
Heise,
Hidde de Vries [1, 2, 3],
Hion,
Hippo Digital,
Hive IT,
Hostinger,
HTTP Archive
- I:
I-Programmer,
IAB Europe,
Iconiza,
Ideas For Good,
Ideas On Purpose,
IEEE Spectrum [1, 2],
Imperial College London,
IndieWebCamp,
Informatik Aktuell,
Intention,
Internet Society,
Invoke Media,
ISSOH,
IT At Market,
IT Ops Times
- J:
J-AJ,
James Chudley [1, 2],
Jason Elkin,
Jim Mccool,
Juan José López Moya,
Just Enough,
Jut-So [1, 2]
- K:
Kanoppi,
Kashvi Sadhya,
Klimabytes,
Knapton Wright,
Kojordan,
Kom Digital,
Kusanagi
- L:
La taverne du testeur,
La Page,
La Recherche,
Lallanmedia,
Liechtenstein,
Light bulb,
Lightly Salted,
Lisa Vorobeva,
loftwork [1, 2],
London Ruby Users Group,
Louisa Henry,
Lucia Harcegova [1,2]
- M:
MadeByStudio,
MadeInCima,
Magnetic,
Manifesto for a Humane Web,
Marko Heine,
Mayli Munkebye,
MDN,
Mightybytes [1, 2, 3],
Mike Gifford,
Minimal Carbon,
Mitsue-Links [1, 2],
Morgan Murrah [1, 2],
Munkun
- N:
NameOcean,
National Library of Finland,
NonZeroSumSolutions,
New Idea FYI [1, 2],
Newsweek,
Niixer,
Nonprofit Website Insider
- O:
OldSchoolSEO,
Open Door Digital,
Orange
- P:
Page Online,
PetBen,
Phase2,
Piano D,
Piet Zwart Institute,
Pixelart,
Plan A,
The Public Good
- R:
Radical Web Design,
Rebecca Cottrell,
Remy Marrone [1, 2],
Reindeer,
Rickety Roo,
RinenWeb,
Root,
Rose Newell,
Rosenfeld Media [1, 2]
- S:
Screen Span ,
SD Times,
Search Engine Zine,
Sedona,
SEObility,
SillyGoose,
Site Moderne,
SIMBIOS,
SJones,
Smashing Magazine,
SocialBaddie,
Sopra Setria,
Solve,
Sparkbird Works,
Sparkbox [1, 2],
Stolperfrei,
Strat4,
Studio A Table,
Studio Seventeen,
Sustainable.dev,
Sustainable Solarpunk,
SustyWeb CG,
SUX Network [1, 2],
Systemstree
- T:
Tamar Solutions,
TEB,
Tech Division,
Terminalfour,
Tetralogic,
Thibaud Colas,
Tomasz Jakut,
Tollwerk [1, 2]
- U:
Unified Projects,
UX Bulletin,
UX Collective,
UX Design Institute
- V:
ValTech,
Velociwebtor,
Vincent Chevalier,
Vitus Lab,
Vived,
Vivian Voss
- W:
W3C [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6],
Waveland Web,
We Made This,
Web Performance Calendar,
Webiano Digital,
WebPerf,
Website Planet,
WebTan Forum,
WhatIf,
Wholegrain Digital,
Whoz,
Windesheim,
Wordpress,
Wigital,
Wingmen,
Wordpress
- X:
Xperience [1, 2]
- Y:
Yamanoku,
Your Web Team
- Z:
ZeroHeight,
Zuhlke
Newsletters
- Behind the Commit - Thibauld
- Beyond Sustainability with Dhananjay - Sid
- Bowen Craggs
- Chinchilla Squeaks (@11:30, @Ines )
- CSS Day Hidde
- DesignTeam
- DevCafe (French)
- Die Produktwerker (German) @Thorsten
- Drupal [1, 2]
- EcoSend - Tim Frick
- Environment Variables
- FOSSDEM 2024 - @Mike
- Google Digital Experience Webinar - Alex & Tim (Nov 15, 2023)
- Green.IO - Łukasz Mastalerz & Ines Akrap
- Green Tech South West
- Green Tech Tales (Italian)
- Linux Foundation @Mike
- Low Carbon Computing
- Marketing for What Matters - Tim
- OMT
- PildorasUX
- Reducing the Carbon Footprint of you Website - Ines Akrap (Infobip Shift Conference)
- SDIA - Łukasz Mastalerz
- Service Design Show - James Chudley
- Simen Spør
- SloWeb Assocation DEF [1, 2] - Laurent, Thorsten, Tim
- Smashing Media [1, 2, 3, 4] - Michelle, Chris, Tom, Ines
- Socially Aware Web - Sarven
- Sustainable By Design - Drupal Association
- Sustainable Web Design with Schepp (German)
- SustainableUX - Anne, Thorsten, Tim (Dec 14, 2023) webinar
- SustainWP - @Nahuai
- Talking Drupal - Mike
- TPAC Slides
- Umbraco - Rick
- W3C in Europe (Ines, 2025)
- Web Standards (Russian) (@48:49)
- Women In Cleantech and Sustainability - Susannah
- Working Draft [1, 2] (German)
Events
- Accessing Higher Ground (US)
Fight Climate Change with A11y & WSGs
November 2024 (Jennifer Strickland)
- Boavizta Discussion (15/03/23)
Web Sustainability Guidelines (Alexander Dawson)
- BIMA (11/02/26)
Sustainability and the WSG (Alexander Dawson)
- Carsten Windler (Talk)
- CSS Day (Amsterdam)
display: green; applying the web sustainability guidelines
07/06/25 (Hidde de Vries)
- Green IO Conference (London)
19/09/24 (Alexander Dawson) - Notes: [1], [2], [3]
- Green IO Conference (Munich)
03/07/25 (Ines Akrap) [1] [2]
- Green IO Conference (New York)
2025-2026 (Tzviya Siegman & Tim Frick) [1, 2]
- Greener Services Hack Day (22/03/23)
Defra, TPXImpact, Etc (Alexander Dawson & Neil Clark)
- GSF Brighton Meetup (Brighton)
The Web Sustainability Guidelines
21/91/26 (Alexander Dawson)
- GSF Brighton Meetup (Brighton)
Laws and Policies (Lightning Talk)
16/07/25 (Alexander Dawson)
- Interact UX Design Conference, Museum of London
“Planet Centred Design” - 12/10/23 (Emily Trotter)
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)
SWD Presentation - 20/09/23 (Alexander Dawson)
- Open Source Experience 2023**, Paris
6-7th December 2023 (Anne Faubry and Gael Duez)
- Ottawa Javascript - Introducing W3C WSGs
- performance.now() (Amsterdam)
Fast, Green, Responsive
12/11/25 (Ines Akrap)
- Pixel Pioneers 2026 (UK)
How to Design and Build More Sustainable Websites (Nick)
- PHP Conference, Berlin
(Carsten Windler)
- Rightscon Discussion (Febuary 2025)
Achieving Digital Sustainability (Alexander Dawson)
- Roundtable discussion at API Days Paris (8th December 2023)
Sustainability track called Green I/O Conference (Anne Faubry)
- Transformational Design Meet-up (UK)
24 April 2026 Transformational Design
- USICA (UK)
Digital Sustainability as a Force for Better UX
18 June 2026
- UX London (UK)
The future of UX is green - Hidde