Position Papers and Statements of Interest

Submission 1

Title:: WoT and IoT: What's the difference?
Author(s):: Michael Lagally, Oracle
Abstract:: This session outlines the commonalities and differences between the Web of Thing and other IoT standards.
It gives an overview use cases and architecture patterns that were identified in the Web of Things architecture and the building blocks, that have been standardized so far.
It describes what scenarios can be addressed by the existing specifications and looks into the requirements and use cases for additional standardisation work to achieve the “out-of-the-box” vision:
- Discovery mechanisms
- Thing directories
- Digital Twins
- Common security mechanism
- Lifecycle model
- Cloud abstraction
Position Paper:: 01 - Lagally, Oracle - WoT and IoT Differences.pdf

Submission 2

Title:: Hou Haibo,China Academy of Information and Communications Technology
Author(s):: Hou Haibo,
Abstract:: We pay attention to the development of IoT industry and technology, and improve the level of IoT detection through learning and cooperation.Therefore, we see the W3C Workshop on the Web of Things as a chance to interact with other organizations and developers working in this field and to gather knowledge and partners for our future developments.
Position Paper:: None

Submission 3

Title:: Expressions of interest
Author(s):: Gerhard Zehethofer, ForgeRock
Abstract:: The biggest business potential can be lifted when the process is fully digitised and automated (ent to end). Many use cases do require the integration of data and stake holders that are not within one organisation or domain. The lack of interoperability between individual data silos and organisational silos is one of the biggest inhibitors and limits the commercial success of many use cases. Today IoT is very fragmented and I will support initiatives that drive interoperability and standardisation. While I agree that IT and OT are two different things, I am convinced that both sides can and must learn from each other and leverage mutual strength.
Position Paper:: None

Submission 4

Title:: IoT-based supply chain monitoring
Author(s):: Sascha Meckler, Fraunhofer
Abstract:: The modern supply chain is driven by smart transportation equipment, for example boxes or pallets that are equipped with IoT devices. These devices track the cargo’s position and record environmental data during the delivery.
The collected data has great potential for optimization and enables new business models. On the other hand, the multitude of interacting devices poses a great challenge for the system architecture and the data integration. Supply chain applications span across the boundaries of the individual enterprises, from the supplier and the logistics provider to the consumer. Each participant has limited control over the IoT devices and their data. This creates the need for standardized interfaces and descriptions of IoT platforms in order to reduce the effort to connect to the smart transportation equipment. In this way, an IoT-equipped container can be easily integrated in every supply chain participant’s IT system.
Another essential element in this context is the description of position and sensor data. There are, for example, different representations for positioning data: relative or absolute coordinates and various geodetic systems like the WSG-84 datum. A standardized semantic description of the device and its geographical data is required to provide a common understanding of the received data. With the use of Semantic Web technologies, web services can build on top of the Web of Things to provide meaningful information about the supply process.
In our group Data Spaces and IoT Solutions, we pursue the concept of a data space that can process and distribute the incoming data based on its semantic description. In the first draft, microservices process the sensor data that is sent from different Gateways and publish meaningful results to a message broker. By connecting additional information systems, an orchestration engine is able to monitor and control the supply chain processes.
Position Paper:: None

Submission 5

Title:: 2nd W3C Workshop WoT. Position Statement from ETSI ISG CIM
Author(s):: Jose Manuel Cantera Fonseca, FIWARE Foundation e.V.; Martin Bauer, NEC Labs Europe
Abstract:: This position statement outlines the consensus view of the ETSI ISG CIM Group on future work
on the Web of Things W3C standards. The goal of ISG CIM is to develop technical specifications
and reports to enable multiple organisations to develop interoperable software implementations of
a cross-cutting Context Information Management (CIM) Layer.

NGSI-LD is a Group Specification developed by ISG CIM, intended to define a core information
model and accompanying REST API to provide, consume and subscribe to context information in
multiple scenarios (including federation) and involving multiple stakeholders. It enables close to
real-time access to information coming from many different sources (not only IoT).

We made a contribution that outlines how NGSI-LD can interwork with the Web of Things. During
the coming months, ISG CIM, in collaboration with open source communities, W3C and other
stakeholders is planning to contribute to its further development.
Concerning next standardisation steps, ISG CIM is welcoming a renewed WoT Working Group
focused on progressing towards Recommendation, additional specifications such as the Binding
Templates, the Scripting API and/or an extended Thing Description.
Position Paper:: 05 - Fonseca + Bauer - ERCIM Position Statement.pdf

Submission 6

Title:: Standard Behavior Descriptions for the Web of Things
Author(s):: Victor Charpenay, Friedrich-Alexander Universität
Abstract:: This article motivates the need for an extensive behavior description framework as part of the collection of Web standards for the Web of Things (WoT). The existing WoT API represents a good starting point to describe the behavior of 'things', as well as more complex automation systems running on WoT. To make a WoT script easy to expose and exchange, high-level constraints on the 'things' it consumes (and exposes) should be exposed as well.
Position Paper:: 06 - Charpenay, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg - WoT Standard Behavior Descriptions.pdf

Submission 7

Title:: The Research and Survey of Use Case for WoT
Author(s):: Tomoaki Mizushima, Internet Research Institute, Inc.
Abstract:: I am responsible for the research and the study of the Internet and the IoT at Internet Research Institute, Inc. Therefore, I am interested in WoT Working Group at W3C. I have been WoT Working Group for two years.

There are a lot of industries and sectors that the IoT has been used in. The IoT have been used in many ways. Each IoT are made of different ideas and concepts. The IoT is complicated. Therefore, it’s important to do a survey and research use cases of the IoT. Because if not, no one can have any ideas of functions that should be implemented and can indicate needs for these functions.

Therefore, I think that WoT Working Group should make the research and survey of IoT for WoT.
Position Paper:: 07 - Mizushima, Internet Research Institute - WoT Use Case Survey.pdf

Submission 8

Title:: Scripting API for the Web of Things
Author(s):: Zoltan Kis, Intel; Daniel Peintner, Siemens
Abstract:: The WoT Scripting API is an optional "convenience" building block in WoT and it is typically used in gateways that are able to run a WoT Runtime. It provides a convenient way to work with a Thing Descriptions and WoT Interactions (Properties, Actions and Events defined by a Thing). It allows extending WoT support to new types of endpoints and implement WoT applications such as Thing Directory. It allows remotely representing and also extending an existing Thing functionality. It allows creating, extending and composing services that use WoT Interactions.

The API follows ECMAScript syntax but it is not bound to it. Similar APIs can be implemented in multiple languages and runtimes.
Position Paper:: 08 - Kis + Peintner, Intel + Siemens - WoT Scripting API.pdf

Submission 9

Title:: It Works! An Open WoT Framework (by Mozilla) Powers My Smart Home
Author(s):: Kathy Giori, Mozilla
Abstract:: During this presentation we will describe how today's problem of many different brand-specific device-to-cloud "silo's" can be fixed. We will demonstrate how to combine vendor-specific things (several brands) into a brand-agnostic smart home, with no dependency on cloud-based user account subscriptions, vendor-specific apps, nor data-centers that process and store your private data. Mozilla's approach to decentralize the Web of Things (WoT) supports three of our core values: privacy, security, and interoperability.

Mozilla started with a simple goal. We wanted to bridge off-the-shelf smart home device data to the web, so that web developers everywhere could embrace new applications around IoT, in a private and secure manner. As you might expect, since Mozilla's mission is to protect the open web and put people first, our WoT framework is 100% open source, does not push user data to "the cloud", and already supports a variety of different commercial products. Local and remote management is possible using your own private gateway that serves up a friendly web-based user interface (accessible using any modern web browser).

Example supported products include smart bulbs, plugs/outlets, door/window sensors, motion sensors, alarms, leak detectors, temperature, button/dimmer switches, video camera feeds, and more. The magic of interoperability between disparate brands of devices is possible because of Mozilla's "WebThings Gateway" software, that implements our proposed WoT schema (web thing API) at the core, and supports a modular "add-on" framework to bridge data from existing devices to that common core. The gateway application can run on a Raspberry Pi or your own computer, and is packaged to enable support for OpenWrt-based routers (those with sufficient resources).

This talk will describe Mozilla's WoT framework and show a live demo of the implementation, so that you too, could install and operate your own private smart home.
Position Paper:: 09 - Giori + Francis - Mozilla Web Things Gateway.pdf

Submission 10

Title:: Expression of Interest on behalf of Conexxus and David Ezell
Author(s):: David Ezell, Conexxus
Abstract:: I’m writing to express interest on behalf of Conexxus[1] in attending the Web of Things Workshop. I have represented Conexxus (and formerly NACS[2]) as the W3C Advisory Committee representative since 2003. Conexxus and NACS were active in the XML Activity at W3C (chaired XML Schema starting in 2004, participated in XML Protocol), and more recently we’ve co-chaired the Web Payments Interest Group, co-chaired the Web Commerce Interest Group, and participated in the Verifiable Credentials WG.

Conexxus is a trade association representing fuel and convenience retail - gas stations and convenience stores. In the US, our industry represents approximately 160,000 retail locations with 2018 sales of $262B US. A large proportion of these retail locations are small businesses. As a substantial part of its mission, Conexxus creates standards for data exchange between various IT systems required to operate a retail location, including payment, fuel control, and retail POS.

Creating IoT standards useful to merchants in managing their technology estate has been an elusive goal for us. Vendors are interested in stickiness of their products, and not nearly as interested in interoperability. The Web of Things seems to be emerging as a technology where Conexxus can actually engage in creating and adopting actual standards that will be of tremendous benefit to our members, as well as to our industry.

The mission statement for the Web of Things[3] is absolutely on target for Conexxus engagement: “counter fragmentation,” “Web-based abstraction,” and “common format” all speak of important capabilities for emerging Conexxus standards.

We are very excited about the contributing to the momentum that seems to be building for the Web of Things, and we welcome the opportunity to attend the workshop in Munich.

Best regards,
David Ezell, Conexxus

[1] https://www.conexxus.org/
[2] https://www.convenience.org/
[3] https://www.w3.org/WoT/ws-2019/cfp.html#introduction
Position Paper:: 10 - Ezell , Conexxus- IoT for Fueling and Convenience Retail.pdf

Submission 11

Title:: WoT Graph as Multiscale Digital-Twin for Cyber-Physical Systems-of-Systems
Author(s):: Gilles Privat, Orange Labs; Thierry Coupaye, Orange labs; Sebastien Bolle, Orange Labs; Philippe Raipin, Orange labs
Abstract:: The Web of Things need not be restrained to a mere software-engineering construct or interoperability enabler: viewed as a graph, it may become the scaffolding of a comprehensive model of physical environments, capturing relevant aspects of their intertwined structural, spatial and behavioral dependencies, affording context-rich mediation of data for network-enabled control and monitoring of these environments, augmenting them into cyber-physical systems and, more generally, multiscale and multilevel systems of systems
Position Paper:: 11 - Privat et al, Orange - WoT Graph as Multiscale Digital Twin.pdf

Submission 12

Title:: Developer of the open source RDF library for Arduino SmallRDF
Author(s):: Thomas Bergwinkl, Zazuko GmbH
Abstract:: As the developer of the only open source RDF library for Arduino [1], I would like to participate the workshop. At the moment the RDF data model (triple and graph) is implemented and also handling of N-Triples data (parsing and serialization). Support for JSON-LD and Web of Things standards are planed for the future.

[1] https://github.com/bergos/smallrdf
Position Paper:: None

Submission 13

Title:: How W3C Web of Things and OGC SensorThings API can work together and benefit from each other
Author(s):: Michael Jacoby, Fraunhofer; Hylke van der Schaaf, Germany; Josh Lieberman, Open Geospatial Consortium; Kathi Schleidt, DataCove e.U.
Abstract:: OGC SensorThings API1 (STA) and W3C Web of Things (WoT) are both standards with the goal to improve interoperability in the Internet of Things (IoT). Although STA has its focus on and origin in the sensing domain and WoT in the web domain, they fit together quite well. This position paper presents some initial findings on how they relate and how they could benefit from each other. It is intended to act as a starting point for further discussion and action.
Position Paper:: 13 - Jacoby, Fraunhofer - WoT and OGC SensorThings API.pdf

Submission 14

Title:: WoT Store: a Thing and Application Management Ecosystem for the W3C Web of Things
Author(s):: Marco Di Felice, University of Bologna; Luca Sciullo, University of Bologna; Lorenzo Gigli, University of Bologna; Cristiano Aguzzi, University of Bologna; Luca Roffia, University of Bologna; Angelo Trotta, University of Bologna; Tullio Salmon Cinotti, University of Bologna
Abstract:: In the next few years, the W3C Web of Things (WoT) platform will represent a reference solution toward the deployment of fully interoperable systems, hence unlocking the potential of the IoT paradigm on several use-cases characterized by the current fragmentation of devices and technologies. At the same time, the worlwide adoption of the W3C WoT architecture depends on many factors, including also the availability of support tools that might facilitate the deployment of novel WoT applications or the integration with traditional IoT systems. To this purpose, the paper presents the WoT Store, a complete software platform enabling the discovery and management of W3C Things, the monitoring of its properties and events, and the invoking of actions, all within the same dashboard. In addition, the platform leverages on the semantic description of each Thing with the goal of easing and automatizing the installation and execution of WoT applications, e.g. defining the behaviour of a Thing or implementing mash-up operations from multiple Things. We sketch the main features, the architecture and the prototypal implementation of the WoT Store. Moreover, we discuss the WoT Store capabilities on three IoT use-cases, i.e. industry 4.0, smart agriculture and home automation.
Position Paper:: 14 - Sciullo et al, Univ. Bologna - WoT Store.pdf

Submission 15

Title:: Web of Things Simplifies Industry Applications
Author(s):: Sebastian Käbisch, Siemens AG; Christian Glomb, Siemens AG; Charif Mahmoudi, Siemens AG; Daniel Peintner, Siemens AG
Abstract:: Application development in industry scenarios is usually highly challenging due to the composition of different technologies such as protocols, exchange formats and data models. The W3C Web of Things (WoT) paradigm offers an excellent opportunity to simplify interaction with heterogeneous systems and increase interoperability in IoT applications such as those for industry. As a contribution to the 2nd W3C Web of Things Workshop, this position paper gives a brief insight into the opportunities of WoT, e.g. for use cases from industry, and discusses some white gaps that can be addressed in the future as a new work item for the next period of the W3C Web of Things working group charter.
Position Paper:: 15 - Glomb et al, Siemens - WoT Simplifies Industry Applications.pdf

Submission 16

Title:: Walking through a "privacy by design" chain from sensors Microcontroller to XR (using Web Tech)
Author(s):: Philippe Coval, Samsung OSG
Abstract:: Since many devices are now able to produce data continuously and silently,
privacy in our digital life has never been so critical.

Hopefully, regulations such as EU's GDPR encourages to protect and give back control to users.
or design privacy enabled systems, this is an opportunity for FLOSS projects
and decentralized architectures.

A proof of concept made of various opensource project will be presented.

The story starts with nodes which are sensors or actuators
attached to microcontrollers powered by IoT.js
a JavaScript runtime powered by OpenJS's JerryScript engine.

Using "GenericSensorsLite" a wrapper inspired by W3C Generic Sensors API,
and "WebThing-IotJs" the resources can be served using Mozilla's WebThings API.

The devices can work as standalone or connected to Mozilla IoT gateway,
a privacy by design smarthome solution, that stay in user's network
(so do private data).

Thanks to the REST API, Websockets and JWT support,
third party applications can interact with gateway and its connected devices.

As a demonstration a generic "WebVR/WebXR" application made using A-Frame framework
can display the things' scene in 3D and let the user interact with real devices
by using a XR HMI on virtual models.

So far, every step of the chain are working disconnected from the WWW,
but the platform can be enriched by connecting public resources such as OpenData streams,
these can be added (using REST, MQTT etc) or translated to WebThings API and in both ways.

Even if API and data models are limited for now,
due to the genericity of design the base can be use declined to various use cases
as we established "Real Time" visualization or control of remote resources from immersive world.

Feedback from experts on related domains such as digital twins, robotics or simulation will be welcome.

Related:

* https://www.slideshare.net/rzrfreefr/wotxr20190320rzr
* https://github.com/rzr/webthing-iotjs/wiki
* https://social.samsunginter.net/@rzr/101867385704982854
* https://wiki.tizen.org/User:Pcoval
Position Paper:: 16 - Coval, Samsung - Web of Twins.pdf

Submission 17

Title:: Disrupting domains since 1989, the Web now hits EV charging
Author(s):: Johannes Hund, EcoG
Abstract:: After a slow phase of several decades, the real exponential breakthrough of the internet was when the web technologies spread and were adopted by the public. This democratized the creation of content and applications by adding a developer-friendly unifying application layer to interconnect users and different existing systems (webmailers, chsat portals, newsgroups etc.). The Resulting effect is well known, the exponential growth of websites/applications were leading to world's largest coherent distributed system, an omni-present game changer to nearly everybody's life. 75% of all developers are web developers.

The same breakthrough can be anticipated for the IoT, which is reaching even further into the physical world. What was missing is the unifying application layer for IoT, akin extending the web into the internet of things, empowering all web developers to reach out into the physical world.

This is "Web of Things" can now become a reality due to the great work of the W3C Groups, with the abstraction and simplification provided by the upcoming standards, this interoperability is at hands reach.

At EcoG, we believe that cross-system integration and interoperability are key contributors to the success of any IoT system, including our focus area, charging infrastructure for electric vehicles
Position Paper:: 17 - Hund, EcoG - Web hits EV Charging.pdf

Submission 18

Title:: A WoT gateway with legacy devices virtualization
Author(s):: Ryuichi Matsukura, Fujitsu Laboratories Limited.; Takahisa Suzuki, Fujitsu Laboratories Limited; Takuki Kamiya, Fujisu Laboratories of America Inc.
Abstract:: Many devices in the various fields have been connected to the network and are required to be accessible and controllable from the cloud to establish the digital transformation. Web of Things is an idea to integrate the connectivity of the devices that support diverse network media, transport protocol and data model to a standard way using with Web-based interface.
This paper proposes a device virtualization gateway to realize this integration. It also describes how to adapt the protocols and the models to the Web-based interface and an example to be installed in the agriculture fields. In the workshop, we'ld like to make a presentation and to show our demonstration.

Our position paper will be submitted later. Sorry!
Position Paper:: 18 - Matsukura + Suzuki + Kamiya, WoT Gateway with Device Virtualization.pdf

Submission 19

Title:: Next Steps for the Web of Things, Part 1: Identifying and Understanding the Focus Market
Author(s):: Eric Siow, Intel; Michael McCool, Intel
Abstract:: Specifications of the initial WoT building blocks have now been published. However, it is not enough to have published a standard: it needs to be adopted into real products and deployed in real applications. Large scale implementation of WoT and commercial success in IoT is difficult because the IoT is not a single market. It is comprised of many different markets with different customers each with different use cases and requirements.

Beyond the challenges of heterogeneous market segments, the WoT work has been focused on purely technical problems but has made little effort to rally ecosystem alignment. A holistic approach to standardization requires rallying key stakeholders to implement a single standard or a set of complementary standards that provide a whole solution to the identified market.

We propose to divide our discussion of the next steps for WoT into two parts. In the first part, we will discuss problem statements and high-level strategic approaches to solving them. In the second part (covered by a separate position paper) we will discuss technical areas and directions that WoT and W3C should pursue moving forward to execute these strategies.
Position Paper:: 19 - McCool + Siow, Intel - Identifying and Understanding the Focus Market.pdf

Submission 20

Title:: Next Steps for the Web of Things, Part 2: Data Standards Development and Consolidation
Author(s):: Michael McCool, Intel; Eric Siow, Intel
Abstract:: In part 1 of our presentation we identified some key problem areas and strategic directions for the Web of Things. In part 2 we will discuss technical planning to support those strategic directions. Discovery, data management, and interoperability have been identified as key challenges. Certain infrastructure components have also been identified as candidates for further standardization. We need a comprehensive technical plan to address these challenges in a coordinated and effective way. Data models and data modelling technologies are key. We suggest extending and unifying web service and thing descriptions and emphasizing W3C semantic standards RDF and JSON-LD 1.1 as key foundational technologies upon which an interoperable IoT data management approach and unified schema can be based.
Position Paper:: 20 - McCool + Siow, Intel - Data Standards Development and Consolidation.pdf

Submission 21

Title:: Rapid IoT application development using the Web of Things
Author(s):: Kunihiko Toumura, Hitachi, Ltd.; Kazuhito Yokoi, Hitachi, Ltd.; Tetsuhiko Hirata, Hitachi, Ltd.
Abstract:: In this paper, we show a tool for rapid IoT application
development by combining Web of Things Thing Description (TD) and
Node-RED. The tool, Node Generator, generates a module from a
Thing Description. Application Developer can use a Thing
as a node on the Node-RED Editor.

Currently, the tool does not support for retrieving/discovering
TD from semantic metadata. Incorporation of semantic metadata into
IoT solution development will gain agility of development.
To drive forward this, we expect that Web of Things become
a center of sharing best practices and standardization
about utilization of semantic metadata of Things.
Position Paper:: 21 - Toumura, Hitachi - Rapid IoT application development using the Web of Things.pdf

Submission 22

Title:: Connecting People and Home - MIoT Platform introduction
Author(s):: Xiaowei Jiang,; Jay Zhou,
Abstract:: Xiaomi is a smart device manufacturer and also a mobile internet service provider. Its consumer IoT device market share is already world top 1. This presentation introduces Xiaomi's IoT user scenarios, hardware platform and protocol structure of physical and application layer, and also explains how the system runs with the AI enabled cloud computing platform.
Position Paper:: 22 - MIOT Platform Introduction.pdf

Submission 23

Title:: Realizing lifestyle update through Web of Things
Author(s):: Toru Kawaguchi, Panasonic Corporation; Takeshi Yamada, Panasonic System Design Co., Ltd.
Abstract:: Panasonic aims to realize "lifestyle update" which enables connecting to customers and providing new values to them continuously.
To realize this, environment which enables 1) making things connected to the network easily and 2) producing applications connecting such things continuously is necessary.

Panasonic has been contributing to Web of Things (WoT) standardization to realize such environment.
WoT aims to realize cooperation of things beyond platform and industry sector, by defining common interaction model and metadata format.

In this paper, we will introduce our contribution to WoT and future developments.
Position Paper:: 23 - Kawaguchi + Yamada, Panasonic - Lifestyle Update through WoT.pdf

Submission 24

Title:: Virtual-Thing: Thing Description based Virtualization
Author(s):: Hassib Belhaj Hassine, Technical University of Munich; Ege Korkan, Technical University of Munich; Sebastian Steinhorst, Technical University of Munich
Abstract:: Integrating different Internet of Things devices from different manufacturers to create a mashup scenario can be a tedious and error prone task that involves studying non- standard datasheets. A Thing Description (TD) as defined by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) can make such a task less complicated by providing a standardized model for describing the metadata and the interface of a Web of Things (WoT) entity. However, a situation where a mashup developer has access to a Thing’s TD before having access to the Thing itself may still arise. A way of simulating devices based only on their TDs is thus helpful during the development process of a mashup. In this work we present a method of creating a virtual Thing that simulates the behavior of a WoT-enabled entity based only on its Thing Description.
Position Paper:: 24 - Hassine et al, TU Munich - Virtual Thing.pdf

Submission 25

Title:: Re-purposing existing web standards for secure, usable, distributed access to IoT devices
Author(s):: Tim Panton, pi.pe GMBH
Abstract:: Several existing web standards can be combined to offer decentralised secure transport layer for IoT devices.
These standards are already deployed on > 2bn smartphone endpoints and can be utilised immediately.
This paper describes how we combine WebRTC, service workers and getUserMedia to simplify the process of claiming ownership of a device, lending it to third parties and remotely accessing it.
These techniques are especially valuable for devices that offer privacy sensitive video/audio services, but can also apply to medical (or any other) data.

The current solution could be improved upon with small changes to the webRTC and service worker APIs.
Position Paper:: None

Submission 26

Title:: Expression of Interest
Author(s):: Nonoka Jinushi, Keio University
Abstract:: As a researcher from Keio University, I'd like to participate in the workshop to see the possibility of new service creation using IoT data from various industries and markets in the near future.Also I'm interested in how to deal with personal data within the WoT context.
Position Paper:: None

Submission 27

Title:: The Web of small things
Author(s):: Dominique Guinard, EVRYTHNG
Abstract:: When the term IoT came out of the Auto-ID Labs in 1999, the term was coined for talking to P&G to describe a day in which all their products would have RFID tags somehow connected to information systems on the Internet. Today the Internet of Things as a field has a lot more focus on bigger, smarter things such as smart cities, factories or homes.

In this presentation I would like to report the state of the nation in tagged things. In particular I will report on the GS1 Digital Link standard that gives every product a unique Web identity in the form of a URL. I will also provide an insight on the upcoming EPCIS 2.0 standard and how supply chain and retail data could get a lot closer to the Web through these two new business standards.

Moreover, I would like to take the opportunity to discuss how the Web of Things and the work that was done within the W3C WoT WG could be used to positively influence these upcoming standards an work towards a Web of Things that truly covers all the things: from the simplest CPG products to the most complex smart cities.
Position Paper:: 27 - Guinard, Evrythng - The Web of all the other Things.pdf

Submission 28

Title:: Abstracting and Interacting with Vehicles in the Web of Things
Author(s):: Benjamin Klotz, BMW; Daniel Wilms, BMW; Raphaël Troncy, EURECOM; Daniel Alvarez-Coello, BMW
Abstract:: The Web of Things offers a platform-independent solution for interacting with connected devices. An important vertical of the WoT is the transportation domain with, at its core, autonomous systems and among others, connected vehicles. They can be seen as complex artefacts, as they are composed of many sensors and actuators, legacy specifications and safety criticality, which leads to additional challenges for cross-domain interoperability, scalability and safety. In this paper, we argue that the specifications around the Web of Things used with domain specific ontologies such as VSSo and the driving context ontology are relevant for connected vehicles. Our position is that Thing Descriptions require adaptations for complex Things or networks of Things: fine-grained access control and safety impacted by security. We propose a demonstration of a connected vehicle and a discussion on the topics of complex connected things acting as gateways of Things.
Position Paper:: 28 - Klotz, Eurecom - Abstracting and Interacting with Vehicles.pdf

Submission 29

Title:: Mozilla WebThings: An open source implementation of the Web of Things
Author(s):: Benjamin Francis, Mozilla Corporation
Abstract:: Mozilla have implemented the WebThings Gateway (a software distribution for smart home gateways focused on privacy, security and interoperability) and the WebThings Framework (a collection of re-usable software components for building web things).

These implementations follow Mozilla’s proposed Web Thing API which closely follows the latest Editor’s Drafts from the W3C WoT Working Group, but offers some simplifications over the current working group deliverables.

Through these implementations Mozilla have demonstrated the power of the Web of Things to provide interoperabilty between otherwise incompatible smart home systems, and have identified some gaps in current web standards which could help move the Web of Things forward.
Position Paper:: 29 - Francis, Mozilla - Mozilla Web Things.pdf

Submission 30

Title:: Towards Semantic Interoperability in WoT Ecosystems
Author(s):: Andrea Cimmino, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid; María Poveda-Villalón, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid; Raúl García-Castro, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
Abstract:: IoT infrastructures publishing their data on the Web have become pervasive. Nevertheless, data is published under heterogeneous formats and models. In this paper we introduce an interoperability approach based on the WoT ontology, that allows to define contextual data for a given IoT infrastructure, define such infrastructure relaying on the WoT ontology, and fetch its data and translate it into RDF on the fly. Our approach has been implemented in the European h2020 project VICINITY. The main benefits of our proposal are the transparent discovery and distributed access capabilities.
Position Paper:: 30 - Cimmino et al, Univ de Madrid - Semantic Interoperability in WoT Ecosystems.pdf

Submission 31

Title:: Linked Data in the Web of Things
Author(s):: Gerald Haesendonck, Ghent University; Anastasia Dimou, Ghent University; Ruben Verborgh, Ghent University – imec; Ben De Meester, Ghent University – imec
Abstract:: The Internet of Things (IoT) consists of many devices and services producing or consuming data over a network, and, by extension, the internet. There are various protocols and data models used by different vendors of things, or middleware, to expose data and APIs to communicate with and consume data of things. The Web of Things (WoT) addresses IoT’s fragmentation by forming a Web-based abstraction layer capable of interconnecting existing IoT platforms, devices, and cloud services and complementing available standards. Specifications of the Web of Things describe data and interaction models exposed to applications, and communication and security requirements for platforms to communicate effectively. At the core of the WoT specifications is the Thing Description, a semantic description of the data and interaction model(s) for a Thing. This helps other Things to perform actions on a Thing, e.g. read or write its properties (the data or state of a Thing). We believe that the WoT can benefit from semantically enhancing a Thing so it contains data values, or state, in the form of self-describing data. This allows powerful semantic processing and reasoning upon its state, and possibly the history of its states. To enable this, we propose a rule-based approach to generate self-describing data from a Thing’s state(s).
Position Paper:: 31 - Haesendonck et al, Ghent University - Linked Data in the Web of Things.pdf

Submission 32

Title:: About the Bootstrapping of Security in IoT
Author(s):: Oliver Pfaff, Siemens AG
Abstract:: Bootstrapping is the act of adding an IoT component to a site. This stage in the life-cycle of an IoT component happens after its manufacturing and before operation.

With respect to security, bootstrapping is one of the most critical stages in the life-cycle of an IoT component: during this stage the initial keys resp. credentials that facilitate interactions between the IoT component and other components in the site are determined

This paper investigates current practices about bootstrapping of security in IoT and identifies limitations and shortcommings. It also considers and assesses current initiatives that propose innovations for secure & zero-touch bootstrapping.
Position Paper:: 32 - Pfaff, Siemens - Bootstrapping of Security in IoT.pdf

Submission 33

Title:: Expression of interest. Envieonmental Sensing and the WoT
Author(s):: Alexander Kotsev, European Commission, JRC
Abstract:: At the Digital Economy Unit of the Joint Research Centre (European Commission) we have extensive experience with sensor platforms (mainly observing environmental phenomena such as air quality and radiation). Our work, among other things, includes support to EU Member States on (i) the implementation of the INSPIRE Directive for environmental data, and (ii) use of citizen-generated data for policy support purposes. Within this context, we work with solutions, and propose technical guidance for EU Member States that are at large based on international standards such as those produced by ISO and the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC). With regards to sensor data, we work with the OGC Sensor Observation Service and the OGC SensorThings API standards.
My interest in the W3C work, considering the above context relates to the strong desire of our stakeholders to ensure that the aforementioned standard-based solutions do not form a silo, but can ‘blend’ into mainstream ICT. From that perspective, ensuring interoperability, and even adoption of the proposed WoT Architecture for our environmental solutions seems highly appealing. Another potential development that I would be interested in is the investigation of possibilities for improvement of the discoverability of observation data (i.e. IoT data from sensors) on the web, in a manner similar to what is already done by W3C and OGC under the umbrella of the ‘Spatial Data on the Web’ and ‘Data on the Web’ best practices.
Position Paper:: None

Submission 34

Title:: Increase WoT impact using transferable validation
Author(s):: Ben De Meester, Ghent University – imec – IDLab; Gerald Haesendonck, Ghent University – imec – IDLab; Ruben Verborgh, Ghent University – imec – IDLab; Anastasia Dimou, Ghent University – imec – IDLab
Abstract:: A mapping between validation using the TD data schema and SHACL is needed. On the one hand, this would increase interoperability between WoT and pre-existing static and dynamic datasets. On the other hand, different use cases could require using different validation languages. Please find the full text in our attached position paper.
Position Paper:: 34 - De Meester, Ghent University - Increase WoT Impact using Transferable Validation.pdf

Submission 35

Title:: WoTify: A platform to bring Web of Things to your devices
Author(s):: Ege Korkan, Technical University of Munich; Hassib Belhaj Hassine, Technical University of Munich; Verena Eileen Schlott,; Sebastian Käbisch, Siemens AG; Sebastian Steinhorst, Technical University of Munich
Abstract:: The Internet of Things (IoT) has already taken off, together with many Web of Things (WoT) off-the-shelf devices, such as Philips Hue lights and platforms such as Azure IoT.
These devices and platforms define their own way of describing the interactions with the devices and do not support the recently published WoT standards by World Wide Web Consortium (W3C).
On the other hand, many hardware components that are popular in developer and maker communities lack a programming language independent platform to integrate these components into the WoT, similar to npm and pip for software packages.
To solve these problems and nurture the adoption of the W3C WoT, in this paper, we propose a platform to WoTify either existing hardware by downloading new software in them or already existing IoT and WoT devices by describing them with a Thing Description.
Position Paper:: 35 - Korkan et al, TU Munich - Wotify.pdf

Submission 36

Title:: Exploiting Interaction Affordances: On Engineering Autonomous Systems for the Web of Things
Author(s):: Andrei Ciortea, University of St. Gallen; Simon Mayer,; Olivier Boissier,; Fabien Gandon, INRIA
Abstract:: Interaction Affordances are central to the W3C Web of Things (WoT): they allow Consumers to identify and use the capabilities provided by Web Things. Ideally, interaction affordances would allow consumers to arrive-and-operate in any W3C WoT environment: given an entry URI, consumers would be able to achieve their tasks in an autonomous manner by navigating the hypermedia and deciding among the various options presented to them at run time. A central challenge then, which is not typically within the scope of Web engineering, is how to design, program, debug, monitor, and regulate such autonomous consumers of Web Things. The engineering of similar autonomous systems has been studied to a large extent in research on multi-agent systems (MAS), and we believe that tapping into the large body of MAS research holds great promise for unlocking the full potential of the W3C WoT. In this position paper, we motivate and present our vision for autonomous systems in the WoT, and support this vision with a prototype for industrial manufacturing. We then discuss some of the challenges and opportunities raised by bringing autonomy to the WoT.
Position Paper:: 36 - Ciortea et al, Univ St Gallen et al - Engineering Autonomous Systems.pdf

Submission 37

Title:: Description of Legacy Data Format using JSON Schema in Thing Description
Author(s):: Takuki Kamiya, Fujitsu; Ryuichi Matsukura, Fujitsu
Abstract:: W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) is currently standardizing WoT (Web of Things) Thing Description to describe metadata of Things (both physical and virtual) so that Things can know how to interact with each other by understanding the metadata given in the Thing Description. For the data exchanged between Things in particular, the Thing Description uses JSON Schema for the description of the data. JSON Schema can describe data on the Web such as JSON (and XML) quite nicely, however, it is not able to describe legacy (or proprietary) data including CSV, Flat-file or ASN.1. we propose a description system based on JSON Schema which allows one to declaratively describe legacy data format.
Position Paper:: 37 - Kamiya + Matsukura - Describing Legacy Data in Thing Description.pdf

Submission 38

Title:: Mahda Noura, Technische Universität Chemnitz - Distributed and Self Organising Systems (VSR)
Author(s):: Mahda Noura, Germany; Martin Gaedke, Germany
Abstract:: I would like to express my strong interest in participating in the 2nd W3C Workshop on the Web of Things in Munich, Germany.

We have made various contributions in the field of WoT including: knowledge extraction towards building iot.schema.org for smart home, smart city and weather domains [1], automatic generation and deployment of RESTful APIs for controlling and accessing IoT devices to provide Device and Platform level interoperability [2], WoT composition using automated artificial intelligence planning [1]. Our vision is to develop an end user framework for WoT to enable end users model their smart environments based on a goal-oriented approach.

Based on my interest and experience, I am eager to have a chance to participate in this workshop to exchange ideas and views in this domain.

References:
1. https://vsr.informatik.tu-chemnitz.de/projects/2019/growth/
2. https://github.com/heseba/wotdl2api
Position Paper:: None

Submission 39

Title:: Placing devices in the home graph for the Google Assistant
Author(s):: Nicholas Felker, Google
Abstract:: Devices that want to connect to the Google Assistant do so through the smart home platform. This is a JSON-based set of APIs that programmatically define the type and traits of a given device and allow the Google Assistant to send queries to read or change the device's state.

This is similar to how the WoT is defined, with devices having capabilities that are defined and can be controlled independently. There is a lot of potential to create transpilation systems that will allow WoT devices to interoperate with users with a Google Home through easy tooling.
Position Paper:: None

Submission 40

Title:: WIP: Singapore Smart City
Author(s):: Michael McCool, Intel; Eric Siow, Intel
Abstract:: WIP: Singapore Smart City manager to talk about Singapore's success and challenges in building their Smart City and Smart Nation.
Michael McCool/Eric Siow: We are not the presenter, the actual presenter would be from Singapore.
Position Paper:: None

Submission 41

Title:: Schema.org extensions for IoT
Author(s):: Michael Koster, Schema.org extensions for IoT; Darko Anicic, Schema.org extensions for IoT; Aparna Thuluva, Schema.org extensions for IoT
Abstract:: The Web of Things depends on common semantic vocabularies in order to deliver broad interoperability. The work on Schema.org extensions for IoT provides a framework for extending Schema.org to provide these semantic vocabularies. By extending Schema.org, we enable an open, royalty free public resource and a community process to develop and maintain these vocabularies.

The current meta-model is well aligned with the W3C Web of Things architecture and Thing Description format, and is used to create semantic definitions for annotation of Thing Description instances. Prototype semantic definitions have been used in WoT plugfests to provide a semantic layer for discovery and application integration.

We are currently working on developer tools and ways of integrating the definitions into Schema.org in a way that the existing ecosystem can make use of.

This paper summarizes recent progress in creating and deploying these extensions, and presents a roadmap for future development with issues and proposed direction.
Position Paper:: 41 - Koster et al, Samsung - Schema.org Extensions for IoT.pdf

Submission 42

Title:: A Semantic API for the Web of Things
Author(s):: Michael Koster, Web of Things Interest Group
Abstract:: The W3C Web of Things work has delivered a high level abstraction and meta-model for application software to interact with connected things. This work includes concrete protocol bindings that describe exactly how to serialize data and communicate with the connected things, based on the high level meta-model.

We propose a Semantic API that allows software to use the meta-model directly, with the underlying system performing the necessary adaptation for 1. Discovery, 2. Event, Action, and Property interactions, and 3. Adaptation to data type, units, range and scale. The adaptation may be done in a system runtime or through code generation.

An application using such a Semantic API only needs to know the semantic definitions for the resources it interacts with, and does not need to know any of the underlying details such as transfer protocol, media types, number formats, or engineering units, variations in which are all handled by the runtime or code generator.
Position Paper:: None

Submission 43

Title:: WIP: IEC Common Information Model
Author(s):: Michael McCool, Intel; Eric Siow, Intel
Abstract:: WIP: speaker from IEC to talk about CIM, the Common Information Model that IEC has developed, with applicability to Smart City, Smart Grid, etc. The motivation is that any information models or information modelling tools we develop should be inclusive of such standards and take into account that they are already being used or being promoted for use in IoT.
Submitter: Michael McCool/Eric Siow.
Neither of us is the speaker; we are seeking a speaker from IEC.
Position Paper:: None

Submission 44

Title:: Types of Semantic Interoperability
Author(s):: Milan Milenkovic, IoTsense LLC
Abstract:: This is not a topic for presentation but a statement of interest to attend and an issue that might surface in my discussion. I am writing a book on IoT systenms that will include WoT and would like to be up to date on WoT specifications and plans.

Re Topic: there are multiple potential uses for interoperability that have somewhat different requirements and probably solutions. It is important to state which specific one is implied in order to facilitate convergence of interoperability discussions. The commonly assumed case is device-to-device interoperability, However, an important variant is what might be regarded as aggregation-level interoperabiity needed to bring diverse sensor data into a common format for big-data processing and analytics. This flavor of interaction is required to enable useful (understandable to applications) large aggregations of data in the cloud to improve effectiveness of analytics, AI and ML algorithms and to allow cross-domain pooling and analysis of data. It requires common or translatable concepts and vocabularies for data and meta-data, as well as contextual annotations for applications to process. It usually does not require interoperability at the the other levels, such as action and event, discovery, protocol bindings. Since this level of interoperability is both important for enabling big data and easier to achieve than device-to-device mode due to fewer requirements, our position is that the two should be called out and treated separately in interoperability discussions and solutions.
Position Paper:: None

Submission 45

Title:: Expression of interest: research and standardization collaboration
Author(s):: Ari Keränen, Ericsson
Abstract:: The W3C Web of Things technologies provide a promising set of solutions to some of the biggest challenges of interoperable IoT. At the IRTF Thing-to-Thing Research Group (T2TRG) we have already long time collaborated with the W3C WoT to tackle these challenges with research and standardization of relevant technologies. As a co-chair of the T2TRG I would like to express my interest to join the workshop to continue the collaboration on future of the Web of Things.
Position Paper:: None

Submission 46

Title:: Latest advancements in Web of Things
Author(s):: Soumya Kanti Datta, EURECOM
Abstract:: I am interested to learn the latest advancements in Web of Things (WoT) covering the W3C WoT specifications.
Position Paper:: None

Submission 47

Title:: Interested in accessibility of WoT for people with disabilities and exploring potential accessible architecture for WoT
Author(s):: Joshue O Connor, W3C
Abstract:: WoT has potential to help people with disabilities through UIs that support modalities needed by users with diverse needs, or of users of Assistive Technologies. I want to get a sense of where work on WoT is currently at, and try to identify opportunities and potential gaps.
Position Paper:: None

Submission 48

Title:: WoT and OPC UA Semantic Validation Working Group
Author(s):: Rainer Schiekofer, Siemens AG
Abstract:: As previously discussed with:

Kazuyuki Ashimura
Mccool, Michael
Siow, Eric
Michael Lagally
Sebastian Kaebisch
Dave Raggett

I am interested in an initial discussion about WoT and OPC UA.
(Context: OPC UA Semantic Validation Working Group - possible collaboration with W3C WoT)
Position Paper:: None

Submission 49

Title:: Semantic and Social Aspects of the IoT
Author(s):: Marta Sabou, Siemens, Vienna
Abstract:: IoT technologies are set to bring major benefits to a wide range of domains. Of interest to my work are smart manufacturing (Industrie4.0), smart grids, smart buildings/building automation.

Within these domains, I am interested both in semantic and social aspects of IoT. Topics related to semantic aspects of IoT include: (1) vocabularies for the semantic description of IoT devices; (2) methods and approaches for efficient and effective creation of semantic markups (e.g., ways to lower the effort of acquiring semantic descriptions); (3) use cases and applications that showcase the benefits of such semantic descriptions, especially in the domains mentioned above; (4) tool stacks that enable the entire lifecycle of semantically-enriched IoT from semantic description creation, to device discovery, storage of semantic knowledge graphs and end-user applications.

Additionally to semantic related topics, I am interested in the interface between the Internet of Things and the Internet of People (IoP), since many of the "Things" are personal devices (mobiles, watches) used by people. In this context, it is interesting to consider how traditional IoT enabled cyber-physical systems (CPS) are moving towards cyber-physical social systems (CPSS), that is, complex systems which, additionally to spanning the physical (IoT) and cyber-spaces, also take into consideration social aspects such as social networks or behavior patterns of the groups of people using/benefiting from the CPS.
Position Paper:: None

Submission 50

Title:: A WoT implementation linking to Ikea and TP-Link devices
Author(s):: Kirk Martinez, University of Southampton; Daniel Harris, University of Southampton
Abstract:: A from-scratch implementation has been produced using the WoT draft. A servient comprising a thing directory, proxy and a series of protocol binding templates was constructed. Then a client application was created to gauge the standards’ ease of development. The demonstration things are Ikea Tradfri, TP-Link devices and virtual CoAP devices.
Position Paper:: None

Submission 51

Title:: Runtime System Adaptation in Web of Things
Author(s):: Jan Lauinger, TUM
Abstract:: For building future industrial systems, the constantly emerging Internet of Things (IoT) requires interoperability between ambient devices. Individual solutions for IoT systems invite re-implementation of well known problems. They thereby slow system development in the IoT. The Web of Things (WoT) tries to achieve interoperability of IoT devices by leveraging well-functioning technology standards of the Web.
The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) proposes an WoT standardization concept which tackles the problem of re-development of already solved issues. Their standardization concept describes every IoT device with a Thing Description (TD). Based on the TD and associated functionalities, Web as well as IoT services are able to interoperate.
This work contributes to TD development by updating the TD testing tool Testbench to latest TD specifications. It moreover transforms the Testbench into a REST service before deploying it to the W3C Bundang plugfest 2018. The work proposes and implements a scalable and adaptive System Description (SD) for WoT mashups. The SD is compatible with the W3C WoT stack.
The main contribution of this work indicates that the SD of this work scales approximately linear while
keeping verified runtime adaptation. By comparing WoT mashups with single or multiple SDs, it shows that mashups with multiple SDs scale better for larger system sizes.
With regard to the WoT research field, this work presents a TD extension with regard to system characteristics. This shows the expandability capabilities of the W3C WoT standardization. Furthermore, the implemented and evaluated SD represents an example to describe and manage WoT mashups in a W3C WoT compatible way. The developed SD mashup is an example for a scalable and adaptive WoT mashup implementation based on a SD concept.
Position Paper:: None

Submission 52

Title:: H2020 Project: IoT Crawler
Author(s):: Andreas Fernbach, Siemens AG Österreich
Abstract:: The IoT Crawler project aims at a service discovery for large scale IoT applications operating on information sources from heterogeneous domains. To this aim, context management infrastructure based on the Next Generation Service Interface (NGSI) shall be established. This allows applications to issue semantic queries on the context image and hereby get tailored information on the relevant resources. From my perspective, the domains in focus are building automation and energy management.

My interest in this WoT Conference lies in gaining insights in current technology trends and ongoing standardization activities in the community. The gained insights shall be incorporated into the IoT interface definitions, information models and ontologies to be developed during the IoT Crawler project.
Position Paper:: None

Submission 53

Title:: Semantic Aspect of the Internet of Things
Author(s):: Lukas Krammer, Siemens AG
Abstract:: Semantic technologies are a key enabler for the Internet of Things. Especially in the area of smart infrastructure (such as building technologies or smart grids) there are a lot of challenges where semantic technologies can be a huge contribution.
In particular, I am working in an H2020 project named IOT Crawler which aims at establishing a large-scale infrastructure for searching and ranking in the Internet of Things. Thereby, context management infrastructure based on the Next Generation Service Interface (NGSI) shall be established. This allows applications to issue semantic queries on the context image and hereby get tailored information on the relevant resources. In this project, domain-specific semantic descriptions, interface definitions, information models and ontologies are of importance
Position Paper:: None