Metadata Vocabulary for Tabular Data

Abstract

Validation, conversion, display, and search of tabular data on the web requires additional metadata that describes how the data should be interpreted. This document defines a vocabulary for metadata that annotates tabular data. This can be used to provide metadata at various levels, from groups of tables and how they relate to each other down to individual cells within a table.

The metadata defined in this specification is used to provide annotations on an delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-annotated-table" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-annotated-table" class="externalDFN"> annotated table or delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-group-of-tables" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-group-of-tables" class="externalDFN"> group of tables , as defined in [ tabular-data-model ]. Annotated tables form the basis for all further processing, such as validating, converting, or displaying the tables.

5. Metadata Format

This section defines a set of properties and permitted values for annotating tabular data, and how these properties should be interpreted by applications.

A metadata document is a JSON document which holds an object at the top level. This object is a delete: <a href="#dfn-description-object" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-description-object" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> description object of either a delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-group-of-tables" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-group-of-tables" class="externalDFN"> group of tables or a single delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-table" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-table" class="externalDFN"> table . A metadata document may contain other referenced or embedded delete: <a title="description object" href="#dfn-description-object" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-description-object" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> description objects , delete: <a title="description object" href="#dfn-description-object" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-description-object" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> description objects for delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-table" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-table" class="externalDFN"> tables and delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-column" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-column" class="externalDFN"> columns . Additional JSON objects, not part of the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-annotated-tabular-data-model"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-annotated-tabular-data-model"> annotated tabular data model , are used to describe delete: <a title="schema" href="#dfn-schema" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-schema" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> schemas , delete: <a title="dialect description" href="#dfn-dialect-description" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-dialect-description" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> dialect descriptions , delete: <a title="foreign key definition" href="#dfn-foreign-key-definition" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-foreign-key-definition" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> foreign key definitions and delete: <a title="transformation definition" href="#dfn-transformation-definition" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-transformation-definition" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> transformation definitions .

Metadata Properties — Fig. 1 Diagram showing the properties of different metadata descriptors (see the diagram in SVG or PNG formats)

5.1 Property Syntax

There are different types of properties on description objects:

section 5.1.1 Array Properties . ,
section 5.1.2 Link Properties . ,
section 5.1.3 URI Template Properties . ,
section 5.1.4 Column Reference Properties . ,
section 5.1.5 Object Properties . ,
section 5.1.6 Natural Language Properties . , and
section 5.1.7 Atomic Properties .

5.1.1 Array Properties

delete: <dfn title="array property" id="dfn-array-property"> insert: <dfn data-dfn-type="dfn" id="dfn-array-properties"> Array properties hold an array of one or more objects, which are usually delete: <a title="description object" href="#dfn-description-object" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-description-object" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> description objects .

For example, the tables property is an array property. A delete: <a href="#dfn-table-group-description" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-table-group-description" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> table group description might contain:

 "tables": [{ "url": "https://example.org/countries.csv", "tableSchema": "https://example.org/countries.json" }, { "url": "https://example.org/country_slice.csv", "tableSchema": "https://example.org/country_slice.json" }]

in which case the tables property has a value that is an array of two delete: <a href="#dfn-table-description" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-table-description" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> table description objects.

Any items within an array that are not valid objects of the type expected are ignored. If the supplied value of an array property is not an array (e.g. if it is an integer), compliant applications MUST issue a warning and proceed as if the property had been supplied with an empty array.

5.1.2 Link Properties

delete: <dfn title="link property" id="dfn-link-property"> insert: <dfn data-dfn-type="dfn" id="dfn-link-properties"> Link properties hold a single reference to another resource by URL. Their value is a string — resolved as a URL against the delete: <a href="#dfn-base-url" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-base-url" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> base URL . If the supplied value of a link property is not a string (e.g. if it is an integer), compliant applications MUST issue a warning and proceed as if the property had been supplied with an empty string.

For example, the url property is a link property. A delete: <a href="#dfn-table-description" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-table-description" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> table description might contain:

Example 5

  "url"   :     "example-2014-01-03.csv"

in which case the url property on the table would have a single value, a link to example-2014-01-03.csv , resolved against the delete: <a href="#dfn-base-url" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-base-url" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> base URL of the metadata document in which this was located. For example if the metadata document contained:

Example 6

  "@context"   :     [     "http://www.w3.org/ns/csvw"   ,     {     "@base"   :     "http://example.org/"     }]

this is equivalent to specifying:

Example 7

  "url"   :     "http://example.org/example-2014-01-03.csv"

5.1.3 URI Template Properties

delete: <dfn title="URI template property" id="dfn-uri-template-property"> insert: <dfn data-dfn-type="dfn" id="dfn-uri-template-properties"> URI template properties contain a [ URI-TEMPLATE ] which can be used to generate a URI. These URI templates are expanded in the context of each row by combining the template with a set of variables with values as defined in [ URI-TEMPLATE ]. The following variables that are set are: set:

column names

a variable is set for each column within the delete: <a href="#dfn-schema" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-schema" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> schema ; the name of the variable is the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-column-name" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-column-name" class="externalDFN"> column name of the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-column" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-column" class="externalDFN"> column from the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-annotated-table" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-annotated-table" class="externalDFN"> annotated table and the value is derived from the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-cell-value" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-cell-value" class="externalDFN"> value of the cell in that column in the row that is currently being processed, namely one of:

null . ,
the canonical representation of the value of the cell, based on its datatype as defined in [ xmlschema11-2 ], if it has a single value. value, or
a list of canonical representations of the values of the cell, if it has a sequence value.

Note

The languages of delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-cell-value" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-cell-value" class="externalDFN"> cell values are ignored.

_column

_column is set to the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-column-number" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-column-number" class="externalDFN"> column number of the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-column" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-column" class="externalDFN"> column from the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-annotated-table" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-annotated-table" class="externalDFN"> annotated table that is currently being processed processed.

_sourceColumn

_sourceColumn is set to the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-column-source-number" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-column-source-number" class="externalDFN"> source number of the column that is currently being processed; this usually varies from _column by delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-skip-columns" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-skip-columns" class="externalDFN"> skip columns .

_row

_row is set to the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-row-number" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-row-number" class="externalDFN"> row number of the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-row" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-row" class="externalDFN"> row from the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-annotated-table" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-annotated-table" class="externalDFN"> annotated table that is currently being processed processed.

_sourceRow

_sourceRow is set to the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-row-source-number" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-row-source-number" class="externalDFN"> source number of the row that is currently being processed; this usually varies from _row by delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-skip-rows" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-skip-rows" class="externalDFN"> skip rows and delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-header-row" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-header-row" class="externalDFN"> header rows .

_name

_name is set to the URI decoded delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-column-name" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-column-name" class="externalDFN"> column name annotation, as defined in [ tabular-data-model ], for the column that is currently being processed. (Percent-decoding is necessary as name may have been encoded if taken from titles ; this prevents double percent-encoding.)

applying the template against the cell in that column in the row that is currently being processed.
expanding any prefixes as if the value were the name of a delete: <a href="#dfn-common-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-common-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> common property , as described in section 5.8 Common Properties .
resolving the resulting URL against the base URL of the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-table-url" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-table-url" class="externalDFN"> table url if not null.

If the supplied value of a URI template property is not a string (e.g. if it is an integer), compliant applications MUST issue a warning and proceed as if the property had been supplied with an empty string.

For example, the aboutUrl property holds a URI template that is used to generate a URL identifier for each row, which might look like:

Example 8 : expanded aboutUrl using _row

  "aboutUrl"   :     "http://example.org/example.csv#row.{_row}"

The delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-cell-about-url" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-cell-about-url" class="externalDFN"> about URL annotations that are generated and used as identifiers for the rows would then look like http://example.org/example.csv#row.1 , http://example.org/example.csv#row.2 and so on.

Alternatively, with the CSV and metadata in the section 1. Introduction , the aboutUrl might look like:

Example 9 : definition of aboutUrl using column titles

  "aboutUrl"   :     "http://example.org/tree/{on_street}/{GID}"

This would generate URIs such as http://example.org/tree/ADDISON%20AV/1 and http://example.org/tree/EMERSON%20ST/2 .

If the value of the on_street or GID column were null , the URL would still be generated with the null value generating an empty string in the URL. For example if on_street were null and GID were 3 , the generated URL would be http://example.org/tree//3 .

Once the URI has been generated, it is resolved against the url of the table (e.g. the CSV file) to create an absolute URI. For example, given a aboutUrl within a schema such as:

Example 10 : definition of aboutUrl as a relative URL

  "aboutUrl"   :     "#row.{_row}"

and given a CSV file at http://example.com/temp.csv , the URL for the first row will be http://example.com/temp.csv#row.1 .

The propertyUrl property might be defined as "{#_name}" , meaning that it resolves as a fragment identifier relative to the URL of the source of the table. For example, accessing it from a column with the column name GID would look like:

Example 11 : expanded propertyUrl using {#_name}

  "http://example.org/example.csv#GID"

A value defined within the data is also subject to expansion. For example, consider the following table:

Example 12 : table with compact URLs and micro syntax

 project_name,project_type,keywords CSVW,foaf:Project,table;data;conversion

The project_type column might have a valueUrl specified as "{project_type}" . In the first row the cell value is "foaf:Project" . The foaf prefix is understood, as described in section 5.8 Common Properties , to expand to http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Project .

Similarly, the keywords column might have a valueUrl specified as "https://duckduckgo.com/?q={keywords}" . If the column also specifies "separator": ";" , then the cell value of the keywords column would be an array of the three values table , data , and conversion . This is set as the value of the keywords variable within the URI template, which means the result would be https://duckduckgo.com/?q=table,data,conversion .

If the value in the keywords column were an empty sequence (created from an empty cell in the original data), the reference to that column would be expanded to an empty string, generating https://duckduckgo.com/?q= .

When a cell's delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-cell-value" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-cell-value" class="externalDFN"> value is not a string, the canonical representation of that value is used within the expanded URL. For example, the data may include dates such as those in:

Example 13 : CSV containing dates

 GID,On Street,Species,Trim Cycle,Inventory Date 1,ADDISON AV,Celtis australis,Large Tree Routine Prune,10/18/2010 2,EMERSON ST,Liquidambar styraciflua,Large Tree Routine Prune,6/2/2010

The Inventory Date column description would indicate that these were dates with the format M/d/yyyy :

Example 14

  {     "name"   :     "inventory_date"   ,     "titles"   :     "Inventory Date"   ,     "datatype"   :     {     "base"   :     "date"   ,     "format"   :     "M/d/yyyy"     }     }

The string value of the inventory_date column in the first row is parsed to create the date 18th October 2010. When the inventory_date column is referenced within a URI template such as http://example.org/event/{inventory_date} , the canonical representation of that date, as defined in [ xmlschema11-2 ] is used within the URL, giving the result http://example.org/event/2010-10-18 .

5.1.4 Column Reference Properties

delete: <dfn title="column reference property" id="dfn-column-reference-property"> insert: <dfn data-dfn-type="dfn" id="dfn-column-reference-properties"> Column reference properties hold one or more references to other delete: <a href="#dfn-column-description" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-column-description" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> column description objects. The referenced description object must have a name property. Column reference properties can then reference column description objects through values that are:

strings — which MUST match the name on a delete: <a href="#dfn-column-description" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-column-description" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> column description object within the metadata document.
arrays — lists of strings as above.

Compliant applications MUST issue a warning and proceed as if the column reference property had not been specified if:

the supplied value is not a string or array (e.g. if it is an integer).
the supplied value is an empty array.
any of the values in the supplied array are not strings.
any of the supplied strings do not reference one or more columns.

For example, the primaryKey property is a column reference property on the schema. It has to hold references to columns defined elsewhere in the schema, and the descriptions of those columns must have name properties. It can hold a single reference, like this:

Example 15

  "tableSchema"   :     {     "columns"   :     [{     "name"   :     "GID"     },     ...     ],     "primaryKey"   :     "GID"     }

or it can contain an array of references, like this:

Example 16

  "tableSchema"   :     {     "columns"   :     [{     "name"   :     "givenName"     },     {     "name"   :     "familyName"     },     ...     ],     "primaryKey"   :     [     "givenName"   ,     "familyName"     ]     }

If the primaryKey property were given an invalid value, such as 1 , or a column name were misspelled, the processor will insert: <em class="rfc2119" title="MUST"> MUST insert: </em> issue a warning and ignore the value.

On the other hand, the columnReference property is a required property; if it has an invalid value, such as an empty array, then the processor will issue an error as if the property were not specified at all.

5.1.5 Object Properties

delete: <dfn title="object property" id="dfn-object-property"> insert: <dfn data-dfn-type="dfn" id="dfn-object-properties"> Object properties hold either a single object or a reference to an object by URL. Their values may be:

strings — resolved as URLs against the delete: <a href="#dfn-base-url" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-base-url" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> base URL .
objects — interpreted as structured objects.

If the supplied value of an object property is not a string or object (e.g. if it is an integer), compliant applications MUST issue a warning and proceed as if the property had been specified as an object with no properties.

Object properties are often used when the values can be or should be values within controlled vocabularies, or structured information which may be held elsewhere. For example, the dialect of a table is an object property. It could be provided as a URL that indicates a commonly used dialect, like this:

Example 17

  "dialect"   :     "http://example.org/tab-separated-values"

or a structured object, like this:

Example 18

  "dialect"   :     {     "delimiter"   :     "\t"   ,     "encoding"   :     "utf-8"     }

When specified as a string, the resolved URL is used to fetch the referenced object during delete: <a href="#dfn-normalization" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-normalized" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> normalization as described in section 6. Normalization . For example, if http://example.org/tab-separated-values resolved to:

Example 19

  {     "@context"   :     "http://www.w3.org/ns/csvw"   ,     "quoteChar"   :     null   ,     "header"   :     true   ,     "delimiter"   :     "\t"     }

Following delete: <a href="#dfn-normalization" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-normalized" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> normalization , the value of the dialect property would then be:

Example 20

  "dialect"   :     {     "@id"   :     "http://example.org/tab-separated-values"   ,     "quoteChar"   :     null   ,     "header"   :     true   ,     "delimiter"   :     "\t"     }

5.1.6 Natural Language Properties

delete: <dfn title="natural language property" id="dfn-natural-language-property"> insert: <dfn data-dfn-type="dfn" id="dfn-natural-language-properties"> Natural language properties hold natural language strings. Their values may be:

strings — interpreted as natural language strings in the delete: <a href="#dfn-default-language" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-default-language" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> default language .
arrays — interpreted as alternative natural language strings in the delete: <a href="#dfn-default-language" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-default-language" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> default language .
objects whose properties MUST be language codes as defined by [ BCP47 ] and whose values are either strings or arrays, providing natural language strings in that language.

Natural language properties are used for titles. For example, the titles property on a delete: <a href="#dfn-column-description" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-column-description" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> column description provides a natural language label for a column. If it's a plain string like this:

Example 21

  "titles"   :     "Project title"

then that string is assumed to be in the delete: <a href="#dfn-default-language" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-default-language" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> default language (or have an undefined language, und , if there is no such property). Multiple alternative values can be given in an array:

Example 22

  "titles"   :     [     "Project title"   ,     "Project"     ]

It's also possible to provide multiple values in different languages, using an object structure. For example:

Example 23

  "titles"   :     {     "en"   :     "Project title"   ,     "fr"   :     "Titre du projet"     }

and within such an object, the values of the properties can themselves be arrays:

Example 24

  "titles"   :     {     "en"   :     [     "Project title"   ,     "Project"     ],     "fr"   :     "Titre du projet"     }

Note

When extracting a delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-annotation-value" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-annotation-value" class="externalDFN"> annotation value from a metadata that will have already been delete: <a title="normalization" href="#dfn-normalization" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-normalized" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> normalized , a delete: <a href="#dfn-natural-language-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-natural-language-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> natural language property will already have this form.

If the supplied value of a natural language property is not a string, array or object (e.g. if it is an integer), compliant applications MUST issue a warning and proceed as if the property had been specified as an empty array. If the supplied value is an array, any items in that array that are not strings MUST be ignored. If the supplied value is an object, any properties that are not valid language codes as defined by [ BCP47 ] MUST be ignored, as must any properties whose value is not a string or an array, and any items that are not strings within array values of these properties.

5.1.7 Atomic Properties

delete: <dfn title="atomic property" id="dfn-atomic-property"> insert: <dfn data-dfn-type="dfn" id="dfn-atomic-properties"> Atomic properties hold delete: <dfn title="atomic value" id="dfn-atomic-value"> insert: <dfn data-dfn-type="dfn" id="dfn-atomic-values"> atomic values . Their values may be:

numbers — interpreted as integers or doubles.
booleans — interpreted as booleans ( true or false ).
strings — interpreted as defined by the property.
objects — interpreted as defined by the property.
arrays — lists of numbers, booleans, strings, or objects.

The delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-annotation-value" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-annotation-value" class="externalDFN"> annotation value of a boolean atomic property is false if unset; otherwise, the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-annotation-value" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-annotation-value" class="externalDFN"> annotation value of an atomic property is delete: <a title="normalization" href="#dfn-normalization" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-normalized" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> normalized value of that property, or the defined default value or null , if unset. Processors MUST issue a warning if a property is set to an invalid value type, such as a boolean atomic property being set to the number 1 or a numeric atomic property being set to the string "3.1415" , and act as if the property had not been specified (which may mean using the default value for the property, or may mean raising an error and halting processing if the property is a required property).

5.2 Top-Level Properties

The top-level object of a metadata document or object referenced through an delete: <a href="#dfn-object-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-object-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> object property (whether it is a delete: <a href="#dfn-table-group-description" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-table-group-description" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> table group description , delete: <a href="#dfn-table-description" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-table-description" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> table description , delete: <a href="#dfn-schema" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-schema" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> schema , delete: <a href="#dfn-dialect-description" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-dialect-description" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> dialect description or delete: <a href="#dfn-transformation-definition" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-transformation-definition" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> transformation definition ) MUST have a @context property. This is an delete: <a href="#dfn-array-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-array-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> array property , as defined in Section 8.7 of [ JSON-LD ]. The @context MUST have one of the following values:

A string value of http://www.w3.org/ns/csvw , or
An array composed of a string followed by an object, where the string is http://www.w3.org/ns/csvw and the object represents a local context definition, which is restricted to contain either or both of the following members:

@base

an delete: <a href="#dfn-atomic-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-atomic-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> atomic property that provides the base URL against which other URLs within the metadata file are resolved. If present, its value MUST be a string that is interpreted as a URL which is resolved against the location of the metadata document to provide the delete: <dfn id="dfn-base-url"> insert: <dfn data-dfn-type="dfn" id="dfn-base-url"> base URL for other URLs in the metadata document; if unspecified, the base URL used for interpreting relative URLs within the metadata document is the location of the metadata document itself.

Note

Note that the @base property of the @context object provides the base URL used for URLs within the metadata document, not the URLs that appear as data within the group of tables or table it describes. delete: <a title="URI template property" href="#dfn-uri-template-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-uri-template-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> URI template properties are not resolved against this base URL: they are resolved against the URL of the table.

@language

an delete: <a href="#dfn-atomic-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-atomic-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> atomic property that indicates the delete: <dfn id="dfn-default-language"> insert: <dfn data-dfn-type="dfn" id="dfn-default-language"> default language for the values of delete: <a title="natural language property" href="#dfn-natural-language-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-natural-language-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> natural language or string-valued delete: <a title="common property" href="#dfn-common-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-common-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> common delete: </a> properties insert: </a> in the metadata document; if present, its value MUST be a language code [ BCP47 ]. The default is und .

Note

Note that the @language property of the @context object, which gives the default language used within the metadata file, is distinct from the lang property on a delete: <a href="#dfn-description-object" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-description-object" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> description object , which gives the language used in the data within a group of tables, table, or column.

5.3 Table Groups

A delete: <dfn id="dfn-table-group-description"> insert: <dfn data-dfn-type="dfn" id="dfn-table-group-description"> table group description is a JSON object that describes a delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-group-of-tables" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-group-of-tables" class="externalDFN"> group of tables .

5.3.1 Required Properties

tables: An delete: <a href="#dfn-array-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-array-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> array property of delete: <a title="table description" href="#dfn-table-description" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-table-description" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> table descriptions for the tables in the group, namely those listed in the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-table-group-tables" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-table-group-tables" class="externalDFN"> tables annotation on the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-group-of-tables" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-group-of-tables" class="externalDFN"> group of tables being described. Compliant application MUST raise an error if this array does not contain one or more table descriptions.

5.3.2 Optional Properties

The description of a group of tables MAY also contain:

dialect: An delete: <a href="#dfn-object-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-object-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> object property that provides a single delete: <a href="#dfn-dialect-description" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-dialect-description" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> dialect description . If provided, dialect provides hints to processors about how to parse the referenced files to create tabular data models for the tables in the group. This may be provided as an embedded object or as a URL reference. See section 5.9 Dialect Descriptions for more details.
notes: An delete: <a href="#dfn-array-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-array-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> array property that provides an array of objects representing arbitrary annotations on the annotated delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-group-of-tables" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-group-of-tables" class="externalDFN"> group of tables . The value of this property becomes the value of the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-table-group-notes" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-table-group-notes" class="externalDFN"> notes annotation for the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-group-of-tables" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-group-of-tables" class="externalDFN"> group of tables . The properties on these objects are interpreted equivalently to delete: <a title="common property" href="#dfn-common-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-common-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> common properties as described in section 5.8 Common Properties .

Note

The Web Annotation Working Group is developing a vocabulary for expressing annotations. In future versions of this specification, we anticipate referencing that vocabulary.
tableDirection: An delete: <a href="#dfn-atomic-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-atomic-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> atomic property that MUST have a single string value that is one of "rtl" , "ltr" , or "auto" . Indicates whether the tables in the group should be displayed with the first column on the right, on the left, or based on the first character in the table that has a specific direction. The value of this property becomes the value of the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-table-direction" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-table-direction" class="externalDFN"> table direction annotation for all the tables in the table group. See delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#bidirectional-tables"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#bidirectional-tables"> Bidirectional Tables in [ tabular-data-model ] for details. The default value for this property is "auto" .
tableSchema: An delete: <a href="#dfn-object-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-object-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> object property that provides a single delete: <a href="#dfn-schema-description" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-schema-description" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> schema description as described in section 5.5 Schemas , used as the default for all the tables in the group. This may be provided as an embedded object within the JSON metadata or as a URL reference to a separate JSON object that is a delete: <a href="#dfn-schema-description" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-schema-description" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> schema description .
transformations: An delete: <a href="#dfn-array-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-array-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> array property of delete: <a title="transformation definition" href="#dfn-transformation-definition" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-transformation-definition" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> transformation definitions that provide mechanisms to transform the tabular data into other formats. The value of this property becomes the value of the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-table-transformations" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-table-transformations" class="externalDFN"> transformations annotation for all the tables in the table group.
@id: If included, @id is a delete: <a href="#dfn-link-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-link-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> link property that identifies the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-group-of-tables" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-group-of-tables" class="externalDFN"> group of tables , as defined by [ tabular-data-model ], described by this delete: <a href="#dfn-table-group-description" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-table-group-description" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> table group description . It MUST NOT start with _: . The value of this property becomes the value of the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-table-group-id" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-table-group-id" class="externalDFN"> id annotation for the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-group-of-tables" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-group-of-tables" class="externalDFN"> group of tables .
@type: If included, @type is an delete: <a href="#dfn-atomic-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-atomic-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> atomic property that MUST be set to "TableGroup" . Publishers MAY include this to provide additional information to JSON-LD based toolchains.

The description MAY contain any delete: <a title="common property" href="#dfn-common-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-common-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> common properties to provide extra metadata about the group of tables as a whole.

The description MAY contain delete: <a title="inherited property" href="#dfn-inherited-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-inherited-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> inherited properties to describe cells within the tables.

5.3.3 Table Group Description Compatibility

Two delete: <a title="table group description" href="#dfn-table-group-description" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-table-group-description" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> table group descriptions are delete: <dfn title="table group description compatible" id="dfn-table-group-description-compatible"> insert: <dfn data-lt-nodefault="" data-dfn-type="dfn" id="dfn-table-group-description-compatible"> compatible if any delete: <a title="table description" href="#dfn-table-description" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-table-description" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> table descriptions they contain with matching delete: <a title="normalization" href="#dfn-normalization" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-normalized" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> normalized url properties are themselves delete: <a title="table description compatible" href="#dfn-table-description-compatible" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a data-lt-nodefault="" data-lt="table description compatible" href="#dfn-table-description-compatible" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> compatible as defined in section 5.4.3 Table Description Compatibility .

5.4 Tables

A delete: <dfn id="dfn-table-description"> insert: <dfn data-dfn-type="dfn" id="dfn-table-description"> table description is a JSON object that describes a table within a CSV file.

5.4.1 Required Properties

url: This delete: <a href="#dfn-link-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-link-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> link property gives the single URL of the CSV file that the table is held in, relative to the location of the metadata document. The value of this property is the value of the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-table-url" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-table-url" class="externalDFN"> url annotation for the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-annotated-table" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-annotated-table" class="externalDFN"> annotated table this table description describes.

5.4.2 Optional Properties

The description of a table MAY also contain:

dialect

As defined for table groups .

notes

An delete: <a href="#dfn-array-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-array-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> array property that provides an array of objects representing arbitrary annotations on the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-annotated-tabular-data-model"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-annotated-tabular-data-model"> annotated tabular data model . The value of this property becomes the value of the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-table-notes" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-table-notes" class="externalDFN"> notes annotation for the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-annotated-table" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-annotated-table" class="externalDFN"> table . The properties on these objects are interpreted equivalently to delete: <a title="common property" href="#dfn-common-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-common-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> common properties as described in section 5.8 Common Properties .

Note

The Web Annotation Working Group is developing a vocabulary for expressing annotations. In future versions of this specification, we anticipate referencing that vocabulary.

suppressOutput

A boolean delete: <a href="#dfn-atomic-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-atomic-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> atomic property . If true , suppresses any output that would be generated when converting this table. The value of this property becomes the value of the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-table-suppress-output" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-table-suppress-output" class="externalDFN"> suppress output annotation for this table. The default is false .

tableDirection

As defined for table groups . The value of this property becomes the value of the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-table-direction" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-table-direction" class="externalDFN"> table direction annotation for this table.

tableSchema

An delete: <a href="#dfn-object-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-object-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> object property that provides a single delete: <a href="#dfn-schema-description" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-schema-description" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> schema description as described in section 5.5 Schemas . This may be provided as an embedded object within the JSON metadata or as a URL reference to a separate JSON schema document. If a table description is within a delete: <a href="#dfn-table-group-description" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-table-group-description" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> table group description , the tableSchema from that table group acts as the default for this property.

If a tableSchema is not declared in delete: <a href="#dfn-table-description" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-table-description" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> table description , it may be declared on the delete: <a href="#dfn-table-group-description" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-table-group-description" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> table group description , which is then used as the delete: <a href="#dfn-schema" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-schema" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> schema for this delete: <a href="#dfn-table-description" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-table-description" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> table description .

The @id property of the tableSchema , if there is one, becomes the value of the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-table-schema" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-table-schema" class="externalDFN"> schema annotation for this table.

Note

When a schema is referenced by URL, this URL becomes the value of the @id property in the normalized schema description, and thus the value of the schema annotation on the table.

transformations

As defined for table groups . The value of this property becomes the value of the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-table-transformations" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-table-transformations" class="externalDFN"> transformations annotation for this table.

@id

If included, @id is a delete: <a href="#dfn-link-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-link-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> link property that identifies the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-table" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-table" class="externalDFN"> table , as defined in [ tabular-data-model ], described by this delete: <a href="#dfn-table-description" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-table-description" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> table description . It MUST NOT start with _: . The value of this property becomes the value of the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-table-id" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-table-id" class="externalDFN"> id annotation for this table.

@type

If included, @type is an delete: <a href="#dfn-atomic-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-atomic-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> atomic property that MUST be set to "Table" . Publishers MAY include this to provide additional information to JSON-LD based toolchains.

5.4.3 Table Description Compatibility

Two table descriptions are delete: <dfn title="table description compatible" id="dfn-table-description-compatible"> insert: <dfn data-lt-nodefault="" data-dfn-type="dfn" id="dfn-table-description-compatible"> compatible if they have equivalent delete: <a title="normalization" href="#dfn-normalization" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-normalized" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> normalized url properties, and have delete: <a title="schema compatible" href="#dfn-schema-compatible" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a data-lt="schema compatible" href="#dfn-compatible" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> compatible delete: <a title="schema" href="#dfn-schema" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-schema" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> schemas as defined in section 5.5.1 Schema Compatibility .

5.5 Schemas

A delete: <dfn id="dfn-schema"> insert: <dfn data-dfn-type="dfn" id="dfn-schema"> schema is a definition of a tabular format that may be common to multiple tables. For example, multiple tables from different sources may have the same columns and be designed such that they can be aggregated together.

A delete: <dfn id="dfn-schema-description"> insert: <dfn data-dfn-type="dfn" id="dfn-schema-description"> schema description is a JSON object that encodes the information about a delete: <a href="#dfn-schema" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-schema" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> schema , which describes the structure of a table. All the properties of a schema description are optional.

columns

An delete: <a href="#dfn-array-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-array-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> array property of delete: <a title="column description" href="#dfn-column-description" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-column-description" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> column descriptions as described in section 5.6 Columns . These are matched to columns in tables that use the schema by position: the first column description in the array applies to the first column in the table, the second to the second and so on.

The name properties of the column descriptions MUST be unique within a given table description.

foreignKeys

An delete: <a href="#dfn-array-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-array-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> array property of delete: <a title="foreign key definition" href="#dfn-foreign-key-definition" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-foreign-key-definition" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> foreign key definitions that define how the values from specified columns within this table link to rows within this table or other tables. A delete: <dfn id="dfn-foreign-key-definition"> insert: <dfn data-dfn-type="dfn" id="dfn-foreign-key-definition"> foreign key definition is a JSON object that MUST contain only the following properties:

columnReference

reference

An delete: <a href="#dfn-object-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-object-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> object property that identifies a delete: <dfn id="dfn-referenced-table"> insert: <dfn data-dfn-type="dfn" id="dfn-referenced-table"> referenced table and a set of delete: <dfn id="dfn-referenced-columns"> insert: <dfn data-dfn-type="dfn" id="dfn-referenced-columns"> referenced columns within that table. Its properties are:

resource: A delete: <a href="#dfn-link-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-link-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> link property holding a URL that is the identifier for a specific table that is being referenced. If this property is present then schemaReference MUST NOT be present. The delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-group-of-tables" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-group-of-tables" class="externalDFN"> table group MUST contain a delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-table" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-table" class="externalDFN"> table whose delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-table-url" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-table-url" class="externalDFN"> url annotation is identical to the expanded value of this property. That table is the delete: <a href="#dfn-referenced-table" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-referenced-table" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> referenced table .
schemaReference: A delete: <a href="#dfn-link-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-link-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> link property holding a URL that is the identifier for a delete: <a href="#dfn-schema" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-schema" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> schema that is being referenced. If this property is present then resource MUST NOT be present. The delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-group-of-tables" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-group-of-tables" class="externalDFN"> table group MUST contain a delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-table" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-table" class="externalDFN"> table with a tableSchema having a @id that is identical to the expanded value of this property, and there MUST NOT be more than one such table. That table is the delete: <a href="#dfn-referenced-table" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-referenced-table" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> referenced table .
columnReference: A delete: <a href="#dfn-column-reference-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-column-reference-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> column reference property that holds either a single reference (by name) to a delete: <a href="#dfn-column-description" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-column-description" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> column description object within the tableSchema of the delete: <a href="#dfn-referenced-table" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-referenced-table" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> referenced table , or an array of such references.

The value of this property becomes the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-table-foreign-keys" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-table-foreign-keys" class="externalDFN"> foreign keys annotation on the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-annotated-table" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-annotated-table" class="externalDFN"> table using this schema by creating a list of foreign keys comprising a list of columns in the table and a list of columns in the referenced table. The value of this property is also used to create the value of the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-row-referenced-rows" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-row-referenced-rows" class="externalDFN"> referenced rows annotation on each of the rows in the table that uses this schema, which is a pair of the relevant foreign key and the referenced row in the referenced table.

As defined in [ tabular-data-model ], delete: <a href="#dfn-validators" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-validators" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> validators MUST check that, for each row, the combination of cells in the delete: <a href="#dfn-referencing-columns" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-referencing-columns" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> referencing columns references a unique row within the delete: <a href="#dfn-referenced-table" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-referenced-table" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> referenced table through a combination of cells in the delete: <a href="#dfn-referenced-columns" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-referenced-columns" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> referenced columns . For examples, see section 5.5.2.1 Foreign Key Reference Between Tables and section 5.5.2.2 Foreign Key Reference Between Schemas .

Note

It is not required for the table or schema referenced from a foreignKeys property to have a similarly defined primaryKey , though frequently it will.

primaryKey

As defined in [ tabular-data-model ], delete: <a href="#dfn-validators" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-validators" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> validators MUST check that each row has a unique combination of values of cells in the indicated columns. For example, if primaryKey is set to ["familyName", "givenName"] then every row must have a unique value for the combination of values of cells in the familyName and givenName columns.

rowTitles

A delete: <a href="#dfn-column-reference-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-column-reference-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> column reference property that holds either a single reference to a delete: <a href="#dfn-column-description" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-column-description" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> column description object or an array of references. The value of this property determines the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-row-titles" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-row-titles" class="externalDFN"> titles annotation for each delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-row" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-row" class="externalDFN"> row within a delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-annotated-table" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-annotated-table" class="externalDFN"> table that uses this schema. The delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-row-titles" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-row-titles" class="externalDFN"> titles annotation holds the list of the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-cell-value" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-cell-value" class="externalDFN"> values of the cells in that row that are in the referenced columns; if the value is not a string or has no associated language, it is interpreted as a string with an undefined language ( und ).

@id

If included, @id is a delete: <a href="#dfn-link-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-link-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> link property that identifies the delete: <a href="#dfn-schema" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-schema" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> schema described by this delete: <a href="#dfn-schema-description" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-schema-description" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> schema description . It MUST NOT start with _: .

@type

If included, @type is an delete: <a href="#dfn-atomic-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-atomic-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> atomic property that MUST be set to "Schema" . Publishers MAY include this to provide additional information to JSON-LD based toolchains.

5.5.1 Schema Compatibility

Two schemas are delete: <dfn title="schema compatible" id="dfn-schema-compatible"> insert: <dfn data-dfn-type="dfn" id="dfn-compatible"> compatible if they have the same number of non- virtual delete: <a title="column description" href="#dfn-column-description" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-column-description" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> column descriptions , and the non- virtual delete: <a title="column description" href="#dfn-column-description" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-column-description" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> column descriptions at the same index within each are compatible with each other. delete: <a title="column description" href="#dfn-column-description" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-column-description" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> Column descriptions are compatible under the following conditions:

If either delete: <a href="#dfn-column-description" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-column-description" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> column description has neither name nor titles properties.
If there is a case-sensitive match between the name properties of the columns.
If there is a non-empty case-sensitive intersection between the titles values, where matches must have a matching language; und matches any language, and languages match if they are equal when truncated , as defined in [ BCP47 ], to the length of the shortest language tag.
If not validating, and one schema has a name property but not a titles property, and the other has a titles property but not a name property.

Note

A delete: <a href="#dfn-column-description" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-column-description" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> column description within embedded metadata where the header dialect property is false will have neither name nor titles properties.

5.5.2 Examples

This section is non-normative.

5.5.2.1 Foreign Key Reference Between Tables

A list of countries is published at http://example.org/countries.csv with the structure:

Example 25 : http://example.org/countries.csv

 countryCode,latitude,longitude,name AD,42.5,1.6,Andorra AE,23.4,53.8,"United Arab Emirates" AF,33.9,67.7,Afghanistan

Another file contains information about the population in some countries each year, at http://example.com/country_slice.csv with the structure:

Example 26 : http://example.org/country_slice.csv

 countryRef,year,population AF,1960,9616353 AF,1961,9799379 AF,1962,9989846

The following metadata for the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-group-of-tables" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-group-of-tables" class="externalDFN"> group of tables links the two together by defining a foreignKeys property:

Example 27 : http://example.org/countries.json

  {     "@context"   :     "http://www.w3.org/ns/csvw"   ,     "tables"   :     [{     "url"   :     "http://example.org/countries.csv"   ,     "tableSchema"   :     {     "columns"   :     [{     "name"   :     "countryCode"   ,     "datatype"   :     "string"   ,     "propertyUrl"   :     "http://www.geonames.org/ontology{#_name}"     },     {     "name"   :     "latitude"   ,     "datatype"   :     "number"     },     {     "name"   :     "longitude"   ,     "datatype"   :     "number"     },     {     "name"   :     "name"   ,     "datatype"   :     "string"     }],     "aboutUrl"   :     "http://example.org/countries.csv{#countryCode}"   ,     "propertyUrl"   :     "http://schema.org/{_name}"   ,     "primaryKey"   :     "countryCode"     }     },     {     "url"   :     "http://example.org/country_slice.csv"   ,     "tableSchema"   :     {     "columns"   :     [{     "name"   :     "countryRef"   ,     "valueUrl"   :     "http://example.org/countries.csv{#countryRef}"     },     {     "name"   :     "year"   ,     "datatype"   :     "gYear"     },     {     "name"   :     "population"   ,     "datatype"   :     "integer"     }],     "foreignKeys"   :     [{     "columnReference"   :     "countryRef"   ,     "reference"   :     {     "resource"   :     "http://example.org/countries.csv"   ,     "columnReference"   :     "countryCode"     }     }]     }     }]     }

Within the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-table" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-table" class="externalDFN"> annotated table generated for countries.csv , each delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-row" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-row" class="externalDFN"> row will have a delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-row-primary-key" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-row-primary-key" class="externalDFN"> primary key annotation whose value is a list containing the cell from the first column of that row ( countryCode ).

The delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-table" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-table" class="externalDFN"> annotated table generated for country_slice.csv will have a delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-table-foreign-keys" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-table-foreign-keys" class="externalDFN"> foreign keys annotation whose value is a list containing a single foreign key referencing the first column from the table generated from country_slice.csv ( countryRef ) and the first column from the table generated from countries.csv ( countryCode ). Each delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-row" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-row" class="externalDFN"> row within that table will have a delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-row-referenced-rows" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-row-referenced-rows" class="externalDFN"> referenced row annotation referencing this foreign key and the third row in the table generated from countries.csv .

When the population data in country_slice.csv is validated, the delete: <a title="validators" href="#dfn-validators" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-validators" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> validator must check that every countryRef within country_slice.csv has a matching countryCode within countries.csv .

5.5.2.2 Foreign Key Reference Between Schemas

When publishing information about public sector roles and salaries, as in Use Case 4 , the UK government requires departments to publish two files which are interlinked. The first lists senior grades (simplified here) e.g., at HEFCE_organogram_senior_data_31032011.csv :

Example 28

 Post Unique Reference, Name,Grade, Job Title,Reports to Senior Post 90115, Steve Egan,SCS1A,Deputy Chief Executive, 90334 90250, David Sweeney,SCS1A, Director, 90334 90284, Heather Fry,SCS1A, Director, 90334 90334,Sir Alan Langlands, SCS4, Chief Executive, xx

The second provides information about the number of junior positions that report to those individuals (simplified here) e.g., at HEFCE_organogram_junior_data_31032011.csv :

Example 29

 Reporting Senior Post,Grade,Payscale Minimum (£),Payscale Maximum (£),Generic Job Title,Number of Posts in FTE, Profession 90284, 4, 17426, 20002, Administrator, 2,Operational Delivery 90284, 5, 19546, 22478, Administrator, 1,Operational Delivery 90115, 4, 17426, 20002, Administrator, 8.67,Operational Delivery 90115, 5, 19546, 22478, Administrator, 0.5,Operational Delivery

The schemas are reused by multiple departments and for multiple pairs of files. The schemas are therefore defined in separate files, and they need to define links between the schemas which are then picked up as applying between tables that use those schemas.

The metadata file for the particular publication of the files above is:

Example 30

  {     "@context"   :     "http://www.w3.org/ns/csvw"   ,     "tables"   :     [{     "url"   :     "HEFCE_organogram_senior_data_31032011.csv"   ,     "tableSchema"   :     "http://example.org/schema/senior-roles.json"     },     {     "url"   :     "HEFCE_organogram_junior_data_31032011.csv"   ,     "tableSchema"   :     "http://example.org/schema/junior-roles.json"     }]     }

The schema for the senior role CSV (at http://example.org/schema/senior-roles.json ) is as follows:

Example 31

  {     "@id"   :     "http://example.org/schema/senior-roles.json"   ,     "@context"   :     "http://www.w3.org/ns/csvw"   ,     "columns"   :     [{     "name"   :     "ref"   ,     "titles"   :     "Post Unique Reference"     },     {     "name"   :     "name"   ,     "titles"   :     "Name"     },     {     "name"   :     "grade"   ,     "titles"   :     "Grade"     },     {     "name"   :     "job"   ,     "titles"   :     "Job Title"     },     {     "name"   :     "reportsTo"   ,     "titles"   :     "Reports to Senior Post"     }],     "primaryKey"   :     "ref"     }

The schema for the junior role CSV (at http://example.org/schema/junior-roles.json ) is as follows; it includes a foreign key reference to the senior roles schema:

Example 32

  {     "@id"   :     "http://example.org/schema/junior-roles.json"   ,     "@context"   :     "http://www.w3.org/ns/csvw"   ,     "columns"   :     [{     "name"   :     "reportsTo"   ,     "titles"   :     "Reporting Senior Post"     },     ...     ],     "foreignKeys"   :     [{     "columnReference"   :     "reportsTo"   ,     "reference"   :     {     "schemaReference"   :     "http://example.org/schema/senior-roles.json"   ,     "columnReference"   :     "ref"     }     }]     }

The foreign key definition here contains a schemaReference to senior-roles.json . Implementations will look for the table referenced within the original metadata file whose tableSchema is senior-roles.json , which is HEFCE_organogram_senior_data_31032011.csv . The implementation will therefore look for a relationship between the reportsTo column in HEFCE_organogram_junior_data_31032011.csv and the ref column in HEFCE_organogram_senior_data_31032011.csv .

For example, in the first line of HEFCE_organogram_junior_data_31032011.csv , the reportsTo ( Reporting Senior Post ) column contains the value 90284 . When validating that file, delete: <a href="#dfn-validators" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-validators" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> validators will check that there is a single row within the table generated from HEFCE_organogram_senior_data_31032011.csv whose ref column contains the value 90284 .

5.5.2.3 Weak Linking between Tables

delete: <a title="foreign key definition" href="#dfn-foreign-key-definition" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-foreign-key-definition" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> Foreign key definitions provide for strong linking between tables that guarantees (through validation) the existance of a referenced row. It is also possible to provide weak linking between tables that are not tested by validations validations, but which may be useful when converting tabular data into other formats, using aboutUrl and valueUrl .

Taking the example above as a starting point, the schema for HEFCE_organogram_senior_data_31032011.csv could use aboutUrl to provide a URL for each row, which can similarly be created as a valueUrl for the reportsTo column:

Example 33

  {     "@id"   :     "http://example.org/schema/senior-roles.json"   ,     "@context"   :     "http://www.w3.org/ns/csvw"   ,      "aboutUrl"   :     "#role-{ref}"   ,      "columns"   :     [{     "name"   :     "ref"   ,     "titles"   :     "Post Unique Reference"     },     {     "name"   :     "name"   ,     "titles"   :     "Name"     },     {     "name"   :     "grade"   ,     "titles"   :     "Grade"     },     {     "name"   :     "job"   ,     "titles"   :     "Job Title"     },     {     "name"   :     "reportsTo"   ,     "titles"   :     "Reports to Senior Post"   ,      "valueUrl"   :     "#role-{reportsTo}"      }],     "primaryKey"   :     "ref"     }

The URLs generated for the values of the reportsTo will (if the data is correct) match the URLs generated for each row within the table. There will be no validation error, however, if there is a value in the reportsTo column that does not match a value in the ref column. In contrast, if a foreign key had been specified with:

Example 34

  "foreignKeys"   :     [{     "columnReference"   :     "reportsTo"   ,     "reference"   :     {     "schemaReference"   :     "http://example.org/schema/senior-roles.json"   ,     "columnReference"   :     "ref"     }     }]

then validators would raise an error if a value in the reportsTo column did not match any value in the ref column.

5.6 Columns

A delete: <dfn id="dfn-column-description"> insert: <dfn data-dfn-type="dfn" id="dfn-column-description"> column description is a JSON object that describes a single column. The description provides additional human-readable documentation for a column, as well as additional information that may be used to validate the cells within the column, create a user interface for data entry, or inform conversion into other formats. All properties are optional.

name

An delete: <a href="#dfn-atomic-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-atomic-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> atomic property that gives a single canonical name for the column. The value of this property becomes the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-column-name" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-column-name" class="externalDFN"> name annotation for the described delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-column" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-column" class="externalDFN"> column . This MUST be a string and this property has no default value, which means it MUST be ignored if the supplied value is not a string.

For ease of reference within delete: <a title="URI template property" href="#dfn-uri-template-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-uri-template-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> URI template properties , column names are restricted as defined in Variables in [ URI-TEMPLATE ] with the additional provision that names beginning with "_" are reserved by this specification and MUST NOT be used within metadata documents.

suppressOutput

A boolean delete: <a href="#dfn-atomic-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-atomic-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> atomic property . If true , suppresses any output that would be generated when converting cells in this column. The value of this property becomes the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-column-suppress-output" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-column-suppress-output" class="externalDFN"> suppress output annotation for the described delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-column" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-column" class="externalDFN"> column . The default is false .

titles

A delete: <a href="#dfn-natural-language-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-natural-language-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> natural language property that provides possible alternative names for the column. The string values of this property, along with their associated language tags, become the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-column-titles" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-column-titles" class="externalDFN"> titles annotation for the described delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-column" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-column" class="externalDFN"> column .

If there is no name property defined on this column, the first titles value having the same language tag as delete: <a href="#dfn-default-language" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-default-language" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> default language , or und or if no default language is specified, becomes the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-column-name" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-column-name" class="externalDFN"> name annotation for the described delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-column" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-column" class="externalDFN"> column . This annotation MUST be percent-encoded as necessary to conform to the syntactic requirements defined in [ RFC3986 ] ].

virtual

A boolean delete: <a href="#dfn-atomic-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-atomic-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> atomic property taking a single value which indicates whether the column is a delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-virtual-column" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-virtual-column" class="externalDFN"> virtual column not present in the original source. The default value is false . The delete: <a title="normalization" href="#dfn-normalization" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-normalized" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> normalized value of this property becomes the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-column-virtual" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-column-virtual" class="externalDFN"> virtual annotation for the described delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-column" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-column" class="externalDFN"> column . If present, a virtual column MUST appear after all other non-virtual column definitions.

Note

Virtual columns are useful for inserting cells with default values into an delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-annotated-table" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-annotated-table" class="externalDFN"> annotated table to control the results of conversions.

@id

If included, @id is a delete: <a href="#dfn-link-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-link-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> link property that identifies the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-column" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-column" class="externalDFN"> columns , as defined in [ tabular-data-model ], and potentially appearing across separate tables, described by this delete: <a href="#dfn-column-description" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-column-description" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> column description . It MUST NOT start with _: .

@type

If included, @type is an delete: <a href="#dfn-atomic-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-atomic-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> atomic property that MUST be set to "Column" . Publishers MAY include this to provide additional information to JSON-LD based toolchains.

If the column description has neither name nor titles properties, the string "_col. [N] " where [N] is the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-column-number" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-column-number" class="externalDFN"> column number , becomes the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-column-name" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-column-name" class="externalDFN"> name annotation for the described delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-column" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-column" class="externalDFN"> column .

5.6.1 Examples

This section is non-normative.

5.6.1.1 Use of `virtual` columns

Virtual columns are useful when data needs to be added as part of an output transformation that doesn't exist in the source file. This may be to add type information to a column, or to relate different columns having different aboutUrl . For example, the http://example.org/tree-ops.csv example used in the introduction can be used with the following metadata:

Example 35 : http://example.org/tree-ops-virtual.json

  {     "url"   :     "tree-ops.csv"   ,     "@context"   :     [   "http://www.w3.org/ns/csvw"   ,     {   "@language"   :     "en"   }],     "tableSchema"   :     {     "columns"   :     [{     "name"   :     "GID"   ,     "titles"   :     "GID"   ,     "datatype"   :     "string"   ,     "propertyUrl"   :     "schema:url"   ,     "valueUrl"   :     "#gid-{GID}"     },     {     "name"   :     "on_street"   ,     "titles"   :     "On Street"   ,     "datatype"   :     "string"   ,     "aboutUrl"   :     "#location-{GID}"   ,     "propertyUrl"   :     "schema:streetAddress"     },     {     "name"   :     "species"   ,     "titles"   :     "Species"   ,     "datatype"   :     "string"   ,     "propertyUrl"   :     "schema:name"     },     {     "name"   :     "trim_cycle"   ,     "titles"   :     "Trim Cycle"   ,     "datatype"   :     "string"     },     {     "name"   :     "inventory_date"   ,     "titles"   :     "Inventory Date"   ,     "datatype"   :     {   "base"   :     "date"   ,     "format"   :     "M/d/yyyy"   },     "aboutUrl"   :     "#event-{inventory_date}"   ,     "propertyUrl"   :     "schema:startDate"     },     {     "propertyUrl"   :     "schema:event"   ,     "valueUrl"   :     "#event-{inventory_date}"   ,     "virtual"   :     true     },     {     "propertyUrl"   :     "schema:location"   ,     "valueUrl"   :     "#location-{GID}"   ,     "virtual"   :     true     },     {     "aboutUrl"   :     "#location-{GID}"   ,     "propertyUrl"   :     "rdf:type"   ,     "valueUrl"   :     "schema:PostalAddress"   ,     "virtual"   :     true     }],     "aboutUrl"   :     "#gid-{GID}"     }     }

This metadata creates a relationship model between data in each column by different combinations of aboutUrl , propertyUrl , and valueUrl on existing columns, and defining new virtual columns to supply additional information. In this case, the on_street and inventory_date values are split into separate entities, each having their own aboutUrl . New virtual columns are defined to provide a location type, and to relate the main row entity to the event and location associated with it. The result of converting the table to RDF would include the following, for the first row, with the contributions from the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-virtual-column" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-virtual-column" class="externalDFN"> virtual columns highlighted:

Example 36

  <#gid-1> schema:url <#gid-1> ; schema:name "Celtis australis" ; :trim_cycle "Large Tree Routine Prune" ;    schema:event <#event-2010-10-18> ;       schema:location <#location-1> ;    .    <#event-1> a schema:Event ;    schema:startDate "2010-10-18"^^xsd:date ; .    <#location-1> a schema:PostalAddress ;    schema:streetAddress "ADDISON AV" ; .

The JSON would similarly include, again with the contributions from the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-virtual-column" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-virtual-column" class="externalDFN"> virtual columns highlighted:

Example 37

  {     "@id"   :     "#gid-1"   ,     "schema:url"   :     "#gid-1"   ,     "schema:name"   :     "Celtis australis"   ,     "trim_cycle"   :     "Large Tree Routine Prune"   ,      "schema:event"   :     {     "@id"   :     "#event-1"   ,       "@type"   :     "schema:Event"   ,      "schema:startDate"   :     "2010-10-18"     },      "schema:location"   :     {     "@id"   :     "#location-1"   ,       "@type"   :     "schema:PostalAddress"   ,      "schema:streetAddress"   :     "ADDISON AV"     }     }

5.7 Inherited Properties

delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-column" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-column" class="externalDFN"> Columns and delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-cell" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-cell" class="externalDFN"> cells may be assigned annotations based on properties on the description objects for delete: <a title="table group description" href="#dfn-table-group-description" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-table-group-description" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> groups of tables , delete: <a title="table description" href="#dfn-table-description" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a data-lt="table description" href="#dfn-table-description" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> tables , delete: <a title="schema description" href="#dfn-schema-description" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a data-lt="schema description" href="#dfn-schema" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> schemas , or delete: <a title="column description" href="#dfn-column-description" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a data-lt="column description" href="#dfn-column-description" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> columns . These properties are known as delete: <dfn title="inherited property" id="dfn-inherited-property"> insert: <dfn data-dfn-type="dfn" id="dfn-inherited-properties"> inherited properties and are listed below.

If an delete: <a href="#dfn-inherited-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-inherited-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> inherited property is not defined on a delete: <a href="#dfn-column-description" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-column-description" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> column description , it defaults to the first value, if any, found by looking through all of its containing objects: a delete: <a href="#dfn-inherited-property" class="internalDFN"> an insert: <a href="#dfn-inherited-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> inherited property defined in its containing delete: <a href="#dfn-schema-description" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-schema-description" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> schema description takes precedence of over one defined in its containing delete: <a href="#dfn-table-description" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-table-description" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> table description , which in turn takes precedence of one defined in its containing delete: <a href="#dfn-table-group-description" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-table-group-description" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> table group description . This value is used to determine the value of the relevant annotation on the described delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-column" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-column" class="externalDFN"> column , which is then used to determine the value of the relevant annotation on the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-cell" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-cell" class="externalDFN"> cells in that column.

aboutUrl

A delete: <a href="#dfn-uri-template-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-uri-template-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> URI template property that MAY be used to indicate what a cell contains information about. The value of this property becomes the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-column-about-url" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-column-about-url" class="externalDFN"> about URL annotation for the described delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-column" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-column" class="externalDFN"> column and is used to create the value of the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-cell-about-url" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-cell-about-url" class="externalDFN"> about URL annotation for the cells within that column as described in section 5.1.3 URI Template Properties .

Note

aboutUrl is typically defined on a delete: <a href="#dfn-schema-description" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-schema-description" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> schema description or delete: <a href="#dfn-table-description" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-table-description" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> table description to indicate what each row is about. If defined on individual delete: <a title="column description" href="#dfn-column-description" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-column-description" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> column descriptions , care must be taken to ensure that transformed cell values maintain a semantic relationship.

datatype

An delete: <a href="#dfn-atomic-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-atomic-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> atomic property that contains either a single string that is the main datatype of the values of the cell or a delete: <a href="#dfn-datatype-description" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-datatype-description" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> datatype description object. If the value of this property is a string, it MUST be the name of one of the built-in datatypes defined in section 5.11.1 Built-in Datatypes and this value is delete: <a title="normalization" href="#dfn-normalization" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-normalized" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> normalized to an object whose base property is the original string value. If it is an object then it describes a more specialized datatype. If a cell contains a sequence (i.e. the separator property is specified and not null ) then this property specifies the datatype of each value within that sequence. See 5.11 Datatypes and delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#parsing-cells"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#parsing-cells"> Parsing Cells in [ tabular-data-model ] for more details.

The delete: <a title="normalization" href="#dfn-normalization" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-normalized" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> normalized value of this property becomes the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-column-datatype" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-column-datatype" class="externalDFN"> datatype annotation for the described delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-column" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-column" class="externalDFN"> column .

default

An delete: <a href="#dfn-atomic-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-atomic-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> atomic property holding a single string that is used to create a default delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-cell-value" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-cell-value" class="externalDFN"> value for the cell in cases where the original delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-cell-string-value" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-cell-string-value" class="externalDFN"> string value is an empty string. See delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#parsing-cells"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#parsing-cells"> Parsing Cells in [ tabular-data-model ] for more details. If not specified, the default for the default property is the empty string, "" . The value of this property becomes the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-column-default" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-column-default" class="externalDFN"> default annotation for the described delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-column" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-column" class="externalDFN"> column .

lang

An delete: <a href="#dfn-atomic-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-atomic-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> atomic property giving a single string language code as defined by [ BCP47 ]. Indicates the language of the value within the cell. See delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#parsing-cells"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#parsing-cells"> Parsing Cells in [ tabular-data-model ] for more details. The value of this property becomes the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-column-lang" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-column-lang" class="externalDFN"> lang annotation for the described delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-column" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-column" class="externalDFN"> column . The default is und .

null

An delete: <a href="#dfn-atomic-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-atomic-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> atomic property giving the string or strings used for null values within the data. If the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-cell-string-value" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-cell-string-value" class="externalDFN"> string value of the cell is equal to any one of these values, the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-cell-value" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-cell-value" class="externalDFN"> cell value is null . See delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#parsing-cells"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#parsing-cells"> Parsing Cells in [ tabular-data-model ] for more details. If not specified, the default for the null property is the empty string "" . The value of this property becomes the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-column-null" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-column-null" class="externalDFN"> null annotation for the described delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-column" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-column" class="externalDFN"> column .

ordered

A boolean delete: <a href="#dfn-atomic-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-atomic-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> atomic property taking a single value which indicates whether a list that is the value of the cell is ordered (if true ) or unordered (if false ). The default is false . This property is irrelevant if the separator is null or undefined, but this is not an error. The value of this property becomes the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-column-ordered" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-column-ordered" class="externalDFN"> ordered annotation for the described delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-column" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-column" class="externalDFN"> column , and the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-cell-ordered" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-cell-ordered" class="externalDFN"> ordered annotation for the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-cell" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-cell" class="externalDFN"> cells within that column.

propertyUrl

An delete: <a href="#dfn-uri-template-property" class="internalDFN"> A insert: <a href="#dfn-uri-template-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> URI template property that MAY be used to create a URI for a property if the table is mapped to another format. The value of this property becomes the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-column-property-url" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-column-property-url" class="externalDFN"> property URL annotation for the described delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-column" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-column" class="externalDFN"> column and is used to create the value of the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-cell-property-url" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-cell-property-url" class="externalDFN"> property URL annotation for the cells within that column as described in section 5.1.3 URI Template Properties .

Note

propertyUrl is typically defined on a delete: <a title="column description" href="#dfn-column-description" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-column-description" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> column description . If defined on a delete: <a href="#dfn-schema-description" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-schema-description" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> schema description , delete: <a href="#dfn-table-description" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-table-description" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> table description or delete: <a href="#dfn-table-group-description" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-table-group-description" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> table group description , care must be taken to ensure that transformed cell values maintain an appropriate semantic relationship, for example by including the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-column-name" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-column-name" class="externalDFN"> name of the column in the generated URL by using _name in the template.

required

A boolean delete: <a href="#dfn-atomic-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-atomic-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> atomic property taking a single value which indicates whether the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-cell-value" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-cell-value" class="externalDFN"> cell value can be null . See delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#parsing-cells"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#parsing-cells"> Parsing Cells in [ tabular-data-model ] for more details. The default is false , which means cells can have null values. The value of this property becomes the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-column-required" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-column-required" class="externalDFN"> required annotation for the described delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-column" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-column" class="externalDFN"> column .

separator

An delete: <a href="#dfn-atomic-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-atomic-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> atomic property that MUST have a single string value that is the string used to separate items in the string value of the cell. If null (the default) or unspecified, the cell does not contain a list. Otherwise, application MUST split the string value of the cell on the specified separator and parse each of the resulting strings separately. The delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-cell-value" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-cell-value" class="externalDFN"> cell's value will then be a list. See delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#parsing-cells"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#parsing-cells"> Parsing Cells in [ tabular-data-model ] for more details. The value of this property becomes the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-column-separator" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-column-separator" class="externalDFN"> separator annotation for the described delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-column" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-column" class="externalDFN"> column .

textDirection

An delete: <a href="#dfn-atomic-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-atomic-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> atomic property that MUST have a single string value that is one of "ltr" , "rtl" , "auto" or "inherit" (the default). Indicates whether the text within cells should be displayed as left-to-right text ( ltr ), as right-to-left text ( rtl ), according to the content of the cell ( auto ) or in the direction inherited from the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-table-direction" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-table-direction" class="externalDFN"> table direction annotation of the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-table" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-table" class="externalDFN"> table . The value of this property determines the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-column-text-direction" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-column-text-direction" class="externalDFN"> text direction annotation for the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-column" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-column" class="externalDFN"> column , and the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-cell-text-direction" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-cell-text-direction" class="externalDFN"> text direction annotation for the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-cell" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-cell" class="externalDFN"> cells within that column: if the value is inherit then the value of the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-table-direction" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-table-direction" class="externalDFN"> text direction annotation is the value of the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-table-direction" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-table-direction" class="externalDFN"> table direction annotation on the table, otherwise it is the value of this property. See delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#bidirectional-tables"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#bidirectional-tables"> Bidirectional Tables in [ tabular-data-model ] for details.

valueUrl

An delete: <a href="#dfn-uri-template-property" class="internalDFN"> A insert: <a href="#dfn-uri-template-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> URI template property that is used to map the values of cells into URLs. The value of this property becomes the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-column-value-url" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-column-value-url" class="externalDFN"> value URL annotation for the described delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-column" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-column" class="externalDFN"> column and is used to create the value of the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-cell-value-url" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-cell-value-url" class="externalDFN"> value URL annotation for the cells within that column as described in section 5.1.3 URI Template Properties .

Note

This allows processors to build URLs from delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-cell-value" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-cell-value" class="externalDFN"> cell values , for example to reference RDF resources , as defined in [ rdf-concepts ]. For example, if the value URL were "{#reference}" , each cell value of a column named reference would be used to create a URI such as http://example.com/#1234 , if 1234 were a cell value of that column.

Note

valueUrl is typically defined on a delete: <a title="column description" href="#dfn-column-description" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-column-description" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> column description . If defined on a delete: <a href="#dfn-schema-description" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-schema-description" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> schema description , delete: <a href="#dfn-table-description" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-table-description" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> table description or delete: <a href="#dfn-table-group-description" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-table-group-description" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> table group description , care must be taken to ensure that transformed cell values maintain an appropriate semantic relationship.

5.7.1 Examples

This section is non-normative.

In the following example, aboutUrl property is defined on the tableSchema , and therefore affects all cells for that table.

Example 38 : http://example.org/tree-ops.csv-metadata.json

  {     "@context"   :     [   "http://www.w3.org/ns/csvw"   ,     {   "@language"   :     "en"   }],     "url"   :     "tree-ops.csv"   ,     "dc:title"   :     "Tree Operations"   ,     "dcat:keyword"   :     [   "tree"   ,     "street"   ,     "maintenance"   ],     "dc:publisher"   :     {     "schema:name"   :     "Example Municipality"   ,     "schema:url"   :     {   "@id"   :     "http://example.org"   }     },     "dc:license"   :     {   "@id"   :     "http://opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by/"   },     "dc:modified"   :     {   "@value"   :     "2010-12-31"   ,     "@type"   :     "xsd:date"   },     "tableSchema"   :     {     "columns"   :     [{     "name"   :     "GID"   ,     "titles"   :     [   "GID"   ,     "Generic Identifier"   ],     "dc:description"   :     "An identifier for the operation on a tree."   ,     "datatype"   :     "string"   ,     "required"   :     true     },     {     "name"   :     "on_street"   ,     "titles"   :     "On Street"   ,     "dc:description"   :     "The street that the tree is on."   ,     "datatype"   :     "string"     },     {     "name"   :     "species"   ,     "titles"   :     "Species"   ,     "dc:description"   :     "The species of the tree."   ,     "datatype"   :     "string"     },     {     "name"   :     "trim_cycle"   ,     "titles"   :     "Trim Cycle"   ,     "dc:description"   :     "The operation performed on the tree."   ,     "datatype"   :     "string"     },     {     "name"   :     "inventory_date"   ,     "titles"   :     "Inventory Date"   ,     "dc:description"   :     "The date of the operation that was performed."   ,     "datatype"   :     {   "base"   :     "date"   ,     "format"   :     "M/d/yyyy"   }     }],     "primaryKey"   :     "GID"   ,      "aboutUrl"   :     "#gid-{GID}"      }     }

The equivalent effect could be achieved by using the aboutUrl property on each column:

Example 39 : http://example.org/tree-ops.csv-metadata.json

  {     "@context"   :     [   "http://www.w3.org/ns/csvw"   ,     {   "@language"   :     "en"   }],     "url"   :     "tree-ops.csv"   ,     "dc:title"   :     "Tree Operations"   ,     "dcat:keyword"   :     [   "tree"   ,     "street"   ,     "maintenance"   ],     "dc:publisher"   :     {     "schema:name"   :     "Example Municipality"   ,     "schema:url"   :     {   "@id"   :     "http://example.org"   }     },     "dc:license"   :     {   "@id"   :     "http://opendefinition.org/licenses/cc-by/"   },     "dc:modified"   :     {   "@value"   :     "2010-12-31"   ,     "@type"   :     "xsd:date"   },     "tableSchema"   :     {     "columns"   :     [{     "name"   :     "GID"   ,     "titles"   :     [   "GID"   ,     "Generic Identifier"   ],      "aboutUrl"   :     "#gid-{GID}"    ,     "dc:description"   :     "An identifier for the operation on a tree."   ,     "datatype"   :     "string"   ,     "required"   :     true     },     {     "name"   :     "on_street"   ,     "titles"   :     "On Street"   ,      "aboutUrl"   :     "#gid-{GID}"    ,     "dc:description"   :     "The street that the tree is on."   ,     "datatype"   :     "string"     },     {     "name"   :     "species"   ,     "titles"   :     "Species"   ,      "aboutUrl"   :     "#gid-{GID}"    ,     "dc:description"   :     "The species of the tree."   ,     "datatype"   :     "string"     },     {     "name"   :     "trim_cycle"   ,     "titles"   :     "Trim Cycle"   ,      "aboutUrl"   :     "#gid-{GID}"    ,     "dc:description"   :     "The operation performed on the tree."   ,     "datatype"   :     "string"     },     {     "name"   :     "inventory_date"   ,     "titles"   :     "Inventory Date"   ,      "aboutUrl"   :     "#gid-{GID}"    ,     "dc:description"   :     "The date of the operation that was performed."   ,     "datatype"   :     {   "base"   :     "date"   ,     "format"   :     "M/d/yyyy"   }     }],     "primaryKey"   :     "GID"     }     }

5.8 Common Properties

Descriptions of groups of tables, tables, schemas and columns MAY contain any delete: <dfn title="common property" id="dfn-common-property"> insert: <dfn data-dfn-type="dfn" id="dfn-common-properties"> common properties whose names are either absolute URLs or prefixed names . For example, a table description may contain dc:description , dcat:keyword , or schema:copyrightHolder properties to provide a description, keywords, or the name of the copyright holder, as defined in Dublin Core Terms , DCAT , or schema.org .

5.8.1 Names of Common Properties

The names of common properties are prefixed names , in the syntax prefix : name .

Prefixed names can be delete: <dfn title="expansion" id="dfn-expansion"> insert: <dfn data-dfn-type="dfn" id="dfn-expanded"> expanded to provide a URI, by replacing the prefix and following colon with the URI that the prefix is associated with. Expansion is intended to be entirely consistent with Section 6.3 IRI Expansion in [ JSON-LD-API ] and implementations MAY use a JSON-LD processor for performing prefixed name and IRI expansion.

The prefixes that are recognized are those defined for [ rdfa-core ] within the RDFa 1.1 Initial Context and other prefixes defined within [ csvw-context ] and these MUST NOT be overridden. These prefixes are periodically extended; refer to [ csvw-context ] for details. Properties from other vocabularies MUST be named using absolute URLs.

Note

Forbidding the declaration of new prefixes ensures consistent processing between JSON-LD-aware and non-JSON-LD-aware processors.

This specification does not define how common properties are interpreted by implementations. Implementations SHOULD treat the prefixed names for common properties and the URLs that they expand into in the same way. For example, if an implementation recognises and displays the value of the dc:description property, it should also recognise and display the value of the http://purl.org/dc/terms/description property in the same way.

5.8.2 Values of Common Properties

Common properties can take any JSON value, so long as any objects within the value (for example as items of an array or values of properties on other objects) adhere to the following restrictions, which are designed to ensure compatibility between JSON-LD-aware and non-JSON-LD-aware processors:

If a @value property is used on an object, that object MUST NOT have any other properties aside from either @type or @language , and MUST NOT have both @type and @language as properties. The value of the @value property MUST be a string, number, or boolean value.

If @type is also used, its value MUST be one of:
- a built-in datatype, as defined in section 5.11.1 Built-in Datatypes .
- a prefixed name using any of the pre-defined prefixes as described in section 5.8.1 Names of Common Properties .
- a string, which MUST be interpreted as an absolute URL.
If a @language property is used, it MUST have a string value that adheres to the syntax defined in [ BCP47 ], or be null .
If a @type property is used on an object without a @value property, its value MUST be one of:
- one of the legitimate values for @type as defined for any of the description objects in this specification.
- a prefixed name using any of the pre-defined prefixes as described in section 5.8.1 Names of Common Properties .
- a string, which MUST be interpreted as an absolute URL.
A @type property can also have a value that is an array of such values.
The values of @id properties are delete: <a title="link property" href="#dfn-link-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-link-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> link properties and are treated as URLs. During delete: <a href="#dfn-normalization" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-normalized" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> normalization , as described in section 6. Normalization , they will have any prefix delete: <a title="expansion" href="#dfn-expansion" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-expanded" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> expanded and the result resolved against the delete: <a href="#dfn-base-url" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-base-url" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> base URL . Therefore, if an @id property is used on an object, it MUST have a value that is a string and that string MUST NOT start with _: .
A @language property MUST NOT be used on an object unless it also has a @value property.
Aside from @value , @type , @language , and @id , the properties used on an object MUST NOT start with @ .

These restrictions are also described in section A. JSON-LD Dialect , from the perspective of a processor that otherwise supports JSON-LD. Examples of common property values and the impact of delete: <a href="#dfn-normalization" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-normalized" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> normalization are given in section 6.1 Examples .

5.9 Dialect Descriptions

Much of the tabular data that is published on the web is messy, and CSV parsers frequently need to be configured in order to correctly read in CSV. A delete: <dfn id="dfn-dialect-description"> insert: <dfn data-dfn-type="dfn" id="dfn-dialect-description"> dialect description provides hints to parsers about how to parse the file linked to from the url property in a delete: <a href="#dfn-table-description" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-table-description" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> table description . It can have any of the following properties, which relate to the flags described in delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#parsing"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#parsing"> Section 5 Parsing Tabular Data within the [ tabular-data-model ]:

commentPrefix: An delete: <a href="#dfn-atomic-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-atomic-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> atomic property that sets the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-comment-prefix" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-comment-prefix" class="externalDFN"> comment prefix flag to the single provided value, which MUST be a string. The default is "#" .
delimiter: An delete: <a href="#dfn-atomic-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-atomic-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> atomic property that sets the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-delimiter" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-delimiter" class="externalDFN"> delimiter flag to the single provided value, which MUST be a string. The default is "," .
doubleQuote: A boolean delete: <a href="#dfn-atomic-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-atomic-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> atomic property that, if true , sets the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-escape-character" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-escape-character" class="externalDFN"> escape character flag to " . If false , to \ . The default is true .
encoding: An delete: <a href="#dfn-atomic-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-atomic-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> atomic property that sets the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-encoding" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-encoding" class="externalDFN"> encoding flag to the single provided string value, which MUST be a defined in [ encoding ]. The default is "utf-8" .
header: A boolean delete: <a href="#dfn-atomic-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-atomic-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> atomic property that, if true , sets the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-header-row-count" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-header-row-count" class="externalDFN"> header row count flag to 1 , and if false to 0 , unless headerRowCount is provided, in which case the value provided for the header property is ignored. The default is true .
headerRowCount: An A numeric delete: <a href="#dfn-atomic-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-atomic-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> atomic property that sets the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-header-row-count" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-header-row-count" class="externalDFN"> header row count flag to the single provided value, which MUST be a non-negative integer. The default is 1 .
lineTerminators: An delete: <a href="#dfn-atomic-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-atomic-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> atomic property that sets the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-line-terminators" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-line-terminators" class="externalDFN"> line terminators flag to either an array containing the single provided string value, or the provided array. The default is ["\r\n", "\n"] .
quoteChar: An delete: <a href="#dfn-atomic-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-atomic-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> atomic property that sets the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-quote-character" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-quote-character" class="externalDFN"> quote character flag to the single provided value, which MUST be a string or null . If the value is null , the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-escape-character" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-escape-character" class="externalDFN"> escape character flag is also set to null . The default is " '"' .
skipBlankRows: An A boolean delete: <a href="#dfn-atomic-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-atomic-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> atomic property that sets the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-skip-blank-rows" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-skip-blank-rows" class="externalDFN"> skip blank rows flag to the single provided boolean value. The default is false .
skipColumns: An A numeric delete: <a href="#dfn-atomic-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-atomic-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> atomic property that sets the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-skip-columns" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-skip-columns" class="externalDFN"> skip columns flag to the single provided numeric value, which MUST be a non-negative integer. The default is 0 .
skipInitialSpace: A boolean delete: <a href="#dfn-atomic-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-atomic-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> atomic property that, if true , sets the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-trim" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-trim" class="externalDFN"> trim flag to "start" . If and if false , to false . If the trim property is provided, the skipInitialSpace property is ignored. The default is false .
skipRows: An A numeric delete: <a href="#dfn-atomic-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-atomic-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> atomic property that sets the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-skip-rows" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-skip-rows" class="externalDFN"> skip rows flag to the single provided numeric value, which MUST be a non-negative integer. The default is 0 .
trim: An delete: <a href="#dfn-atomic-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-atomic-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> atomic property that, if the boolean true , sets the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-trim" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-trim" class="externalDFN"> trim flag to true and if the boolean false to false . If the value provided is a string, sets the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-trim" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-trim" class="externalDFN"> trim flag to the provided value, which MUST be one of "true" , "false" , "start" , or "end" . The default is true .
@id: If included, @id is a delete: <a href="#dfn-link-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-link-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> link property that identifies the dialect described by this delete: <a href="#dfn-dialect-description" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-dialect-description" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> dialect description . It MUST NOT start with _: .
@type: If included, @type is an delete: <a href="#dfn-atomic-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-atomic-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> atomic property that MUST be set to "Dialect" . Publishers MAY include this to provide additional information to JSON-LD based toolchains.

Note

Dialect descriptions do not provide a mechanism for handling CSV files in which there are multiple tables within a single file (e.g. separated by empty lines).

The default dialect description for CSV files is:

 { "encoding": "utf-8", "lineTerminators": ["\r\n", "\n"], "quoteChar": "\"", "doubleQuote": true, "skipRows": 0, "commentPrefix": "#", "header": true, "headerRowCount": 1, "delimiter": ",", "skipColumns": 0, "skipBlankRows": false, "skipInitialSpace": false, "trim": false }

5.10 Transformation Definitions

A delete: <dfn id="dfn-transformation-definition"> insert: <dfn data-dfn-type="dfn" id="dfn-transformation-definition"> transformation definition is a definition of how tabular data can be transformed into another format using a script or template.

For example, the following transformation definition will enable a processor that supports it to generate an iCalendar document using a Mustache template based on the JSON created from the simple mapping to JSON.

Example 40

 { "url": "templates/ical.txt", "titles": "iCalendar", "targetFormat": "http://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/text/calendar", "scriptFormat": "https://mustache.github.io/", "source": "json" }

A processor that recognises templates in the Mustache format indicated by "https://mustache.github.io/" and that could convert tables into JSON based on [ csv2json ] would retrieve the template from "templates/ical.txt" and apply this to the resulting JSON.

Transformation definitions have the following properties:

5.10.1 Required Properties

Transformation definitions MUST have the following properties:

url: A delete: <a href="#dfn-link-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-link-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> link property giving the single URL of the file that the script or template is held in, relative to the location of the metadata document.
scriptFormat: A delete: <a href="#dfn-link-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-link-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> link property giving the single URL for the format that is used by the script or template. If one has been defined, this should be a URL for a media type, in the form http://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/ media-type such as http://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/application/javascript . Otherwise, it can be any URL that describes the script or template format.

Note

The scriptFormat URL is intended as an informative identifier for the template format, and applications SHOULD NOT access the URL. The template formats that an application supports are implementation defined.
targetFormat: A delete: <a href="#dfn-link-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-link-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> link property giving the single URL for the format that will be created through the transformation. If one has been defined, this should be a URL for a media type, in the form http://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/ media-type such as http://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/text/calendar . Otherwise, it can be any URL that describes the target format.

Note

The targetFormat URL is intended as an informative identifier for the target format, and applications SHOULD NOT access the URL.

5.10.2 Optional Properties

Transformation definitions MAY have the following properties:

source: A single string delete: <a href="#dfn-atomic-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-atomic-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> atomic property that provides, if specified, the format to which the tabular data should be transformed prior to the transformation using the script or template. If the value is json , the tabular data MUST first be transformed to JSON as defined by [ csv2json ] using delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-csv2json-20150716/#dfn-standard-mode" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-csv2json-20151117/#dfn-standard-mode" class="externalDFN"> standard mode . If the value is rdf , the tabular data MUST first be transformed to an RDF graph as defined by [ csv2rdf ] using delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-csv2rdf-20150716/#dfn-standard-mode" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-csv2rdf-20151117/#dfn-standard-mode" class="externalDFN"> standard mode . If the source property is missing or null (the default) then the source of the transformation is the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-annotated-tabular-data-model"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-annotated-tabular-data-model"> annotated tabular data model . No other values are valid. valid; applications insert: <em class="rfc2119" title="MUST"> MUST insert: </em> generate a warning and behave as if the property had not been specified.
titles: A delete: <a href="#dfn-natural-language-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-natural-language-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> natural language property that describes the format that will be generated from the transformation. This is useful if the target format is a generic format (such as application/json ) and the transformation is creating a specific profile of that format.
@id: If included, @id is a delete: <a href="#dfn-link-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-link-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> link property that identifies the transformation described by this delete: <a href="#dfn-transformation-definition" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-transformation-definition" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> transformation definition . It MUST NOT start with _: .
@type: If included, @type is an delete: <a href="#dfn-atomic-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-atomic-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> atomic property that MUST be set to "Template" . Publishers MAY include this to provide additional information to JSON-LD based toolchains.

The transformation definition MAY contain any delete: <a title="common property" href="#dfn-common-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-common-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> common properties to provide extra metadata about the transformation.

5.10.3 Processing Transformation Definitions

Implementations MAY present users with options for transformations based on the available delete: <a title="transformation definition" href="#dfn-transformation-definition" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-transformation-definition" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> transformation definitions and their properties. Implementations SHOULD filter this list to only include those transformations whose scriptFormat they understand and can apply, and whose source property, if present, specifies a format that the implementation can convert to. Users may find the targetFormat and titles properties useful in deciding which transformation to apply.

When directed by a user to transform a table using a delete: <a href="#dfn-transformation-definition" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-transformation-definition" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> transformation definition , implementations MUST :

Convert the table to the format specified by the source property, if this is specified and not null .
Fetch the script or template from the location specified by the url property and raise an error if this does not exist.
Use the scriptFormat property to determine how to interpret that script or template, and apply it to the table (or the result of converting the table).

5.11 Datatypes

Cells within tables may be annotated with a datatype which indicates the type of the values obtained by parsing the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-cell-string-value" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-cell-string-value" class="externalDFN"> string value of the cell. See [ tabular-data-model ] for a description of annotations on a delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-datatype" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-datatype" class="externalDFN"> datatype .

5.11.1 Built-in Datatypes

The possible built-in datatypes, as shown on the diagram , are:

the datatypes defined in [ xmlschema11-2 ] as derived from and including anyAtomicType , whose identifier URLs are generated by prefixing the name with http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema# .
the datatype number whose identifier URL is http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#double .
the datatype binary whose identifier URL is http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#base64Binary .
the datatype datetime whose identifier URL is http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#dateTime .
the datatype any whose identifier URL is http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#anyAtomicType .
the datatype xml , a sub-type of string , whose identifier URL is http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#XMLLiteral and which indicates the value is an XML fragment.
the datatype html , a sub-type of string , whose identifier URL is http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#HTML and which indicates the value is an HTML fragment.
the datatype json , a sub-type of string , whose identifier URL is http://www.w3.org/ns/csvw#JSON and which indicates the value is serialized JSON.

Built-in Datatype Hierarchy diagram — Fig. 2 Diagram showing the built-in datatypes, based on [ xmlschema11-2 ]; names in parentheses denote aliases to the [ xmlschema11-2 ] terms (see the diagram in SVG or PNG formats)

5.11.2 Derived Datatypes

More specialized datatypes can be defined through a delete: <dfn id="dfn-datatype-description"> insert: <dfn data-dfn-type="dfn" id="dfn-datatype-description"> datatype description . A datatype description may have any of the following properties, all of which are optional.

base: An delete: <a href="#dfn-atomic-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-atomic-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> atomic property that contains a single string: the name of one of the built-in datatypes, as listed above (and which are defined as terms in the default context). Its default is string . All values of the datatype MUST be valid values of the base datatype. The value of this property becomes the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-datatype-base" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-base" class="externalDFN"> base annotation for the described delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-datatype" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-datatype" class="externalDFN"> datatype .
format: An delete: <a href="#dfn-atomic-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-atomic-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> atomic property that contains either a single string or an object that defines the format of a value of this type, used when parsing a string value as described in delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#parsing-cells"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#parsing-cells"> Parsing Cells in [ tabular-data-model ]. The value of this property becomes the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-datatype-format" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-datatype-format" class="externalDFN"> format annotation for the described delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-datatype" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-datatype" class="externalDFN"> datatype .
length: A numeric delete: <a href="#dfn-atomic-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-atomic-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> atomic property that contains a single integer that is the exact length of the value. The value of this property becomes the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-datatype-length" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-datatype-length" class="externalDFN"> length annotation for the described delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-datatype" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-datatype" class="externalDFN"> datatype . See delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#length-constraints" class="sectionRef"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#length-constraints" class="sectionRef"> Length Constraints in [ tabular-data-model ] for details.
minLength: An delete: <a href="#dfn-atomic-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-atomic-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> atomic property that contains a single integer that is the minimum length of the value. The value of this property becomes the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-datatype-minimum-length" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-minimum-length" class="externalDFN"> minimum length annotation for the described delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-datatype" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-datatype" class="externalDFN"> datatype . See delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#length-constraints" class="sectionRef"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#length-constraints" class="sectionRef"> Length Constraints in [ tabular-data-model ] for details.
maxLength: A numeric delete: <a href="#dfn-atomic-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-atomic-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> atomic property that contains a single integer that is the maximum length of the value. The value of this property becomes the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-datatype-maximum-length" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-maximum-length" class="externalDFN"> maximum length annotation for the described delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-datatype" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-datatype" class="externalDFN"> datatype . See delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#length-constraints" class="sectionRef"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#length-constraints" class="sectionRef"> Length Constraints in [ tabular-data-model ] for details.
minimum: An delete: <a href="#dfn-atomic-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-atomic-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> atomic property that contains a single number or string that is the minimum valid value (inclusive); equivalent to minInclusive . The value of this property becomes the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-datatype-minimum" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-minimum" class="externalDFN"> minimum annotation for the described delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-datatype" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-datatype" class="externalDFN"> datatype . See delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#value-constraints" class="sectionRef"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#value-constraints" class="sectionRef"> Value Constraints in [ tabular-data-model ] for details.
maximum: An delete: <a href="#dfn-atomic-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-atomic-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> atomic property that contains a single number or string that is the maximum valid value (inclusive); equivalent to maxInclusive . The value of this property becomes the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-datatype-maximum" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-maximum" class="externalDFN"> maximum annotation for the described delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-datatype" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-datatype" class="externalDFN"> datatype . See delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#value-constraints" class="sectionRef"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#value-constraints" class="sectionRef"> Value Constraints in [ tabular-data-model ] for details.
minInclusive: An delete: <a href="#dfn-atomic-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-atomic-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> atomic property that contains a single number or string that is the minimum valid value (inclusive). The value of this property becomes the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-datatype-minimum" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-minimum" class="externalDFN"> minimum annotation for the described delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-datatype" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-datatype" class="externalDFN"> datatype . See delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#value-constraints" class="sectionRef"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#value-constraints" class="sectionRef"> Value Constraints in [ tabular-data-model ] for details.
maxInclusive: An delete: <a href="#dfn-atomic-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-atomic-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> atomic property that contains a single number or string that is the maximum valid value (inclusive). The value of this property becomes the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-datatype-maximum" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-maximum" class="externalDFN"> maximum annotation for the described delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-datatype" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-datatype" class="externalDFN"> datatype . See delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#value-constraints" class="sectionRef"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#value-constraints" class="sectionRef"> Value Constraints in [ tabular-data-model ] for details.
minExclusive: An delete: <a href="#dfn-atomic-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-atomic-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> atomic property that contains a single number or string that is the minimum valid value (exclusive). The value of this property becomes the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-datatype-minimum-exclusive" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-minimum-exclusive" class="externalDFN"> minimum exclusive annotation for the described delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-datatype" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-datatype" class="externalDFN"> datatype . See delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#value-constraints" class="sectionRef"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#value-constraints" class="sectionRef"> Value Constraints in [ tabular-data-model ] for details.
maxExclusive: An delete: <a href="#dfn-atomic-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-atomic-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> atomic property that contains a single number or string that is the maximum valid value (exclusive). The value of this property becomes the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-datatype-maximum-exclusive" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-maximum-exclusive" class="externalDFN"> maximum exclusive annotation for the described delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-datatype" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-datatype" class="externalDFN"> datatype . See delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#value-constraints" class="sectionRef"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#value-constraints" class="sectionRef"> Value Constraints in [ tabular-data-model ] for details.
@id: If included, @id is a delete: <a href="#dfn-link-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-link-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> link property that identifies the datatype described by this delete: <a href="#dfn-datatype-description" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-datatype-description" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> datatype description . The value of this property becomes the delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-datatype-id" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-datatype-id" class="externalDFN"> id annotation for the described delete: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/CR-tabular-data-model-20150716/#dfn-datatype" class="externalDFN"> insert: <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/2015/PR-tabular-data-model-20151117/#dfn-datatype" class="externalDFN"> datatype . It MUST NOT start with _: and it MUST NOT be the URL of a built-in datatype.
@type: If included, @type is an delete: <a href="#dfn-atomic-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-atomic-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> atomic property that MUST be set to "Datatype" . Publishers MAY include this to provide additional information to JSON-LD based toolchains.

The delete: <a href="#dfn-datatype-description" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-datatype-description" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> datatype description MAY contain any delete: <a title="common property" href="#dfn-common-property" class="internalDFN"> insert: <a href="#dfn-common-properties" class="internalDFN" data-link-type="dfn"> common properties to provide extra metadata about the datatype, such as a title or description.

Applications MUST raise an error if the @id property has the value of a built-in datatype and any other property is specified. In these cases, the other properties are ignored.

Applications MUST raise an error if both length and minLength are specified and length is less than minLength . Similarly, applications MUST raise an error if both length and maxLength are specified and length is greater than maxLength . Applications MUST raise an error if minLength and maxLength are both specified and minLength is greater than maxLength . Applications MUST raise an error if length , maxLength , or minLength are specified and the base datatype is not neither string or one of its subtypes, or , a subtype of insert: <code> string insert: </code> , nor a binary type.

In all ways, including the errors described below, the minimum property is equivalent to the minInclusive property and the maximum property is equivalent to the maxInclusive property. Applications MUST raise an error if both minimum and minInclusive are specified and they do not have the same value. Similarly, applications MUST raise an error if both maximum and maxInclusive are specified and they do not have the same value.

Applications MUST raise an error if both minInclusive and minExclusive are specified, or if both maxInclusive and maxExclusive are specified. Applications MUST raise an error if both minInclusive and maxInclusive are specified and maxInclusive is less than minInclusive , or if both minInclusive and maxExclusive are specified and maxExclusive is less than or equal to minInclusive . Similarly, applications MUST raise an error if both minExclusive and maxExclusive are specified and maxExclusive is less than minExclusive , or if both minExclusive and maxInclusive are specified and maxInclusive is less than or equal to minExclusive .

Applications MUST raise an error if minimum , minInclusive , maximum , maxInclusive , minExclusive , or maxExclusive are specified and the base datatype is not a numeric, date/time, or duration type.

Validation against these properties is as defined in [ xmlschema11-2 ].

insert: <div class="note">

insert: <div class="note-title" aria-level="5" role="heading" id="h-note21">

insert: <span> Note insert: </span> insert: </div>

insert: <div class="">

insert: <p>

The insert: <code> format insert: </code> property is not used when interpreting values for the insert: <code> minimum insert: </code> , insert: <code> maximum insert: </code> , insert: <code> minInclusive insert: </code> , insert: <code> maxInclusive insert: </code> , insert: <code> minExclusive insert: </code> , or insert: <code> maxExclusive insert: </code> values. If these values are strings, they must be specified using a valid representation appropriate for the datatype insert: <a href="#datatype-base"> insert: <code> base insert: </code> insert: </a> as defined in [ insert: <cite> insert: <a class="bibref" href="#bib-xmlschema11-2"> xmlschema11-2 insert: </a> insert: </cite> ]. For example: insert: </p>

insert: <pre>

 { "datatype": "date", "format": "dd/MM/yyyy", "minimum": "2000-01-01" }  insert: </pre>

insert: </div>

Abstract

Status of This Document

Table of Contents

1. Introduction

2. Conformance

3. Typographical conventions

4. Annotating Tables

5. Metadata Format

5.1 Property Syntax

5.1.1 Array Properties

5.1.2 Link Properties

5.1.3 URI Template Properties

5.1.4 Column Reference Properties

5.1.5 Object Properties

5.1.6 Natural Language Properties

5.1.7 Atomic Properties

5.2 Top-Level Properties

5.3 Table Groups

5.3.1 Required Properties

5.3.2 Optional Properties

5.3.3 Table Group Description Compatibility

5.4 Tables

5.4.1 Required Properties

5.4.2 Optional Properties

5.4.3 Table Description Compatibility

5.5 Schemas

5.5.1 Schema Compatibility

5.5.2 Examples

5.5.2.1 Foreign Key Reference Between Tables

5.5.2.2 Foreign Key Reference Between Schemas

5.5.2.3 Weak Linking between Tables

5.6 Columns

5.6.1 Examples

5.6.1.1 Use of virtual columns

5.7 Inherited Properties

5.7.1 Examples

5.8 Common Properties

5.8.1 Names of Common Properties

5.8.2 Values of Common Properties

5.9 Dialect Descriptions

5.10 Transformation Definitions

5.10.1 Required Properties

5.10.2 Optional Properties

5.10.3 Processing Transformation Definitions

5.11 Datatypes

5.11.1 Built-in Datatypes

5.11.2 Derived Datatypes

6. Normalization

6.1 Examples

7. Security Considerations

A. JSON-LD Dialect

A.1 URL Compaction

B. Acknowledgements

C. IANA Considerations

D. JSON-LD Context

E. Changes from previous drafts

insert: <span property="xhv:role" resource="xhv:heading"> insert: <span class="secno"> E.1 insert: </span> Changes since the candidate recommendation of 16 July 2015 insert: </span> insert: </h3>

E.1 E.2 Changes since the working draft of 16 April 2015

E.2 E.3 Changes since the working draft of 08 January 2015

F. References

F.1 Normative references

F.2 Informative references

5.6.1.1 Use of `virtual` columns

insert: `<span property="xhv:role" resource="xhv:heading">` insert: `<span class="secno">` E.1 insert: `</span>` Changes since the candidate recommendation of 16 July 2015 insert: `</span>` insert: `</h3>`